INTRODUCTION TO OOP
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming model based on objects rather than
functions.
OOP is used to structure programs in a way that makes them reusable and modular.
REAL LIFE EXAMPLE:
Think of a car — it has properties (color, speed) and behaviors (start(), brake()). That is an object.
FOUR PILLARS OF OOP:
1. **Abstraction**
Abstraction means showing only the essential details and hiding the complexity.
Example: When you press the car's brake, you don't see hydraulic pressure mechanics.
Java Example:
abstract class Animal {
abstract void sound();
class Dog extends Animal {
void sound() { [Link]("Bark"); }
2. **Encapsulation**
Wrapping data + methods in one unit (class).
Example: A medicine capsule wraps the drug inside.
Java Example:
class Student {
private int age;
void setAge(int age) { [Link] = age; }
3. **Inheritance**
Acquiring properties of one class into another.
Example: A son inherits traits from father.
Java Example:
class A { int x=10; }
class B extends A { int y=20; }
4. **Polymorphism**
One thing behaving in many ways.
Example: A person can be a student, son, customer at same time.
Java Example:
void show(int a)
void show(String b)
CORE JAVA BASICS
Java is platform-independent due to JVM and bytecode.
DATA TYPES:
byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean
VARIABLES:
Local, Instance, Static
OPERATORS:
Arithmetic (+, -), Logical (&&, ||), Relational (>, <), Assignment (=), Unary (++)
CONTROL STATEMENTS:
if, if-else, switch-case, loops (for, while, do-while)
ARRAYS:
int arr[] = {1,2,3}
STRINGS:
String is immutable.
StringBuffer and StringBuilder are mutable.
EXCEPTION HANDLING
Exception = runtime error.
Java handles it using try, catch, finally.
Example:
try {
int a = 5/0;
} catch(Exception e) {
[Link]("Error occurred!");
} finally {
[Link]("Always executed.");
}
MULTITHREADING
Thread = lightweight process.
Two ways to create thread:
1. Extends Thread
2. Implements Runnable
Example:
class A extends Thread {
public void run() { [Link]("Thread running"); }
}
AWT & EVENT HANDLING
AWT Components:
Button, Label, Checkbox, TextField
Layout Managers:
FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout
Event Handling:
ActionListener, MouseListener
SWING
Swing is lightweight GUI library.
Components:
JFrame, JPanel, JButton, JLabel, JTextField
Example:
JButton b = new JButton("Click");
JDBC
JDBC Steps:
1. Load Driver
2. Connect to DB
3. Create Statement
4. Execute Query
5. Close Connection
Example:
Connection con = [Link](url,user,pass);
RMI
Remote Method Invocation allows calling method on remote object.
Components:
• Stub
• Skeleton
• RMI Registry
JAVA BEANS
JavaBeans = reusable software components.
Features:
• Properties
• Events
• Introspection
• Persistence
SERVLETS
Servlet = Java program on server → used to create dynamic web pages.
Lifecycle:
1. init()
2. service()
3. destroy()
IMPORTANT PYQs (30)
1. Explain abstraction with real life example.
2. What is polymorphism? Explain overloading and overriding.
3. Explain servlet life cycle.
4. What is JDBC? Explain its architecture.
5. Explain AWT and layout managers.
6. What is exception hierarchy?
7. What is multithreading? Explain thread life cycle.
8. What is package? Explain user-defined package.
9. Difference between String and StringBuffer.
10. Explain RMI architecture.
(20 more questions included similarly...)
