STRING PROGRAMS IN PYTHON

1. Count the Length of a String

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
print("Length of string:", len(s))

# Output
Enter a string: Queen
Length of string: 5

2. Reverse a String
# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
rev = s[::-1]
print("Reversed string:", rev)

# Output
Enter a string: hello
Reversed string: olleh

3. Check Whether a String is Palindrome

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
if s == s[::-1]:
print("Palindrome")
else:
print("Not Palindrome")

# Output
Enter a string: madam
Palindrome

4. Count Vowels and Consonants

# Program

s = input("Enter a string: ")

vowels = 0
consonants = 0
for ch in [Link]():
if ch in "aeiou":
vowels += 1
elif [Link]():
 consonants += 1
print("Vowels:", vowels)
print("Consonants:", consonants)

# Output
Enter a string: Queen
Vowels: 3
Consonants: 2

5. Count Uppercase, Lowercase, Digits, and Special Characters

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
u = l = d = sp = 0
for ch in s:
if [Link]():
u += 1
elif [Link]():
l += 1
elif [Link]():
d += 1
else:
sp += 1
print("Uppercase:", u)
print("Lowercase:", l)
print("Digits:", d)
print("Special characters:", sp)

# Output
Enter a string: Bhumi123@
Uppercase: 1
Lowercase: 4
Digits: 3
Special characters: 1

6. Count Total Words in a Sentence

# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
print("Total words:", len(words))

# Output
Enter a sentence: I love Python
Total words: 3
7. Replace All Spaces with Hyphens
# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
print("Modified:", [Link](" ", "-"))

# Output
Enter a sentence: Python is fun
Modified: Python-is-fun

8. Count Occurrences of a Substring

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
sub = input("Enter substring: ")
print("Occurrences:", [Link](sub))

# Output
Enter a string: banana
Enter substring: an
Occurrences: 2

9. Find the Longest Word in a Sentence

# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
longest = max(words, key=len)
print("Longest word:", longest)

# Output
Enter a sentence: Python is powerful
Longest word: powerful

10. Remove All Vowels from a String

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
result = ""
for ch in s:
if ch not in vowels:
result += ch
print("After removing vowels:", result)

# Output
Enter a string: Beautiful
After removing vowels: Btfl
11. Print Frequency of Each Character
# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
for ch in set(s):
print(ch, "=", [Link](ch))

# Output
Enter a string: hello
l = 2
o = 1
e = 1
h = 1

12. Convert String into List and List into String

# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
lst = [Link]()
print("List form:", lst)
print("String form:", " ".join(lst))

# Output
Enter a sentence: Python is cool
List form: ['Python', 'is', 'cool']
String form: Python is cool

13. Check Whether Two Strings Are Anagrams

# Program
s1 = input("Enter first string: ")
s2 = input("Enter second string: ")
if sorted(s1) == sorted(s2):
print("Anagram")
else:
print("Not Anagram")

# Output
Enter first string: listen
Enter second string: silent
Anagram
14. Remove Punctuation Marks
# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
punct = '''!()-[]{};:'"\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''
result = ""
for ch in s:
if ch not in punct:
result += ch
print("After removing punctuation:", result)

# Output
Enter a string: Hello!!! How are you?
After removing punctuation: Hello How are you

15. Print ASCII Value of Each Character

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
for ch in s:
print(ch, "=", ord(ch))

# Output
Enter a string: ABC
A = 65
B = 66
C = 67

16. Convert Lowercase to Uppercase and Vice Versa (Without Built-ins)

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
res = ""
for ch in s:
if 'a' <= ch <= 'z':
res += chr(ord(ch) - 32)
elif 'A' <= ch <= 'Z':
res += chr(ord(ch) + 32)
else:
res += ch
print("Converted string:", res)

# Output
Enter a string: PyThOn
Converted string: pYtHoN
17. Sort Words of a Sentence Alphabetically
# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
[Link]()
print("Sorted words:", words)

# Output
Enter a sentence: banana apple mango
Sorted words: ['apple', 'banana', 'mango']

18. Find the Most Repeated Word in a Sentence

# Program
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
most = max(words, key=[Link])
print("Most repeated word:", most)

# Output
Enter a sentence: this is is a test test test
Most repeated word: test

19. Check If String is Symmetric

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
mid = len(s)//2
if s[:mid] == s[mid:]:
print("Symmetric")
else:
print("Not Symmetric")

# Output
Enter a string: abab
Symmetric

20. Remove Duplicate Characters from String

# Program
s = input("Enter a string: ")
result = ""
for ch in s:
if ch not in result:
result += ch
print("After removing duplicates:", result)
# Output
Enter a string: programming
After removing duplicates: progamin
1. Print first and last character of a string
s = input("Enter string: ")
print("First character:", s[0])
print("Last character:", s[-1])
Output:
Enter string: Python
First character: P
Last character: n
2. Print middle character(s) of a string
s = input("Enter string: ")
mid = len(s) // 2
if len(s) % 2 == 0:
print("Middle characters:", s[mid-1:mid+1])
else:
print("Middle character:", s[mid])
Output:
Enter string: Queen
Middle character: e
Enter string: Hello
Middle character: l
Enter string: Good
Middle characters: oo
3. Print only alternate characters
s = input("Enter string: ")
print("Alternate characters:", s[::2])
Output:
Enter string: Computer
Alternate characters: Cmue
4. Reverse a string using slicing
s = input("Enter string: ")
print("Reversed string:", s[::-1])
Output:
Enter string: Queen
Reversed string: neeuQ
5. Extract first and last word from a sentence
s = input("Enter sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
print("First word:", words[0])
print("Last word:", words[-1])

Output:

Enter sentence: Python is amazing

First word: Python
Last word: amazing

6. Count number of words starting with a vowel

s = input("Enter sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
count = 0
for w in words:
if w[0].lower() in 'aeiou':
count += 1
print("Words starting with vowels:", count)
Output:
Enter sentence: Apple is an orange fruit
Words starting with vowels: 4
7. Swap first and last word of a sentence
s = input("Enter sentence: ")
words = [Link]()
words[0], words[-1] = words[-1], words[0]
print("After swapping:", " ".join(words))
Output:
Enter sentence: I love Python
After swapping: Python love I
1. Count vowels using function
def count_vowels(s):
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
c = 0
for ch in s:
if ch in vowels:
c += 1
return c

text = input("Enter string: ")

print("Number of vowels:", count_vowels(text))
Output:
Enter string: Education
Number of vowels: 5
2. Check palindrome using function
def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]

s = input("Enter string: ")

print("Palindrome:", is_palindrome(s))
Output:
Enter string: madam
Palindrome: True
Enter string: queen
Palindrome: False
3. Count total words using function
def word_count(s):
return len([Link]())
s = input("Enter sentence: ")
print("Total words:", word_count(s))
Output:
Enter sentence: Python is fun
Total words: 3
4. Remove spaces using function
def remove_spaces(s):
return [Link](" ", "")
s = input("Enter string: ")
print("Without spaces:", remove_spaces(s))
Output:
Enter string: I love coding
Without spaces: Ilovecoding
5. Count digits using function
def count_digits(s):
c = 0
for ch in s:
if [Link]():
c += 1
return c
s = input("Enter string: ")
print("Number of digits:", count_digits(s))
Output:
Enter string: Python123
Number of digits: 3
1. Count Frequency of Each Character (Dictionary Style)
s = input("Enter string: ")
freq = {}
for ch in s:
freq[ch] = [Link](ch, 0) + 1
print("Character frequencies:", freq)
Output:
Enter string: hello
Character frequencies: {'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'l': 2, 'o': 1}
2. Count Number of Words, Digits, Alphabets, and Special Characters
s = input("Enter string: ")
alpha = digit = special = space = 0
for ch in s:
if [Link]():
alpha += 1
elif [Link]():
digit += 1
elif [Link]():
space += 1
else:
special += 1
print("Alphabets:", alpha)
print("Digits:", digit)
print("Spaces:", space)
print("Special characters:", special)
Output:
Enter string: Hello 123!
Alphabets: 5
Digits: 3
Spaces: 1
Special characters: 1
3. Remove All Punctuation Marks
s = input("Enter string: ")
punct = '''!()-[]{};:'"\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''
result = ""
for ch in s:
 if ch not in punct:
result += ch
print("Without punctuation:", result)
Output:
Enter string: Hello, how are you?
Without punctuation: Hello how are you
4. Count the Frequency of Each Word in a Sentence
s = input("Enter sentence: ").lower().split()
freq = {}
for word in s:
freq[word] = [Link](word, 0) + 1
print("Word frequency:", freq)
Output:
Enter sentence: this is is test
Word frequency: {'this': 1, 'is': 2, 'test': 1}
5. Check if Two Strings are Anagrams
a = input("Enter first string: ")
b = input("Enter second string: ")
if sorted([Link]()) == sorted([Link]()):
print("Anagram")
else:
print("Not anagram")
Output:
Enter first string: listen
Enter second string: silent
Anagram
6. Find the Longest Word in a Sentence
s = input("Enter sentence: ").split()
longest = max(s, key=len)
print("Longest word:", longest)
Output:
Enter sentence: Python is amazing
Longest word: amazing
7. Count Occurrence of Each Vowel
s = input("Enter string: ").lower()
for v in "aeiou":
print(v, ":", [Link](v))
Output:
Enter string: Education
a : 1
e : 1
i : 1
o : 1
u : 1

8. Remove Duplicates from a String

s = input("Enter string: ")
result = ""
for ch in s:
if ch not in result:
result += ch
print("String after removing duplicates:", result)
Output:
Enter string: banana
String after removing duplicates: ban
9. Sort Words Alphabetically
s = input("Enter sentence: ").split()
[Link]()
print("Sorted words:", " ".join(s))
Output:
Enter sentence: mango apple banana
Sorted words: apple banana mango
10. Replace Each Space with ‘*’
s = input("Enter string: ")
print([Link](" ", "*"))
Output:
Enter string: Hello world
Hello*world
11. Print Words Starting with a Particular Letter
s = input("Enter sentence: ").split()
letter = input("Enter starting letter: ").lower()
for word in s:
if [Link]().startswith(letter):
print(word)
Output:
Enter sentence: Sun sets slowly in summer
Enter starting letter: s
Sun
sets
slowly
summer
12. Count Total Lines, Words, and Characters in a Paragraph (multiline input)
text = ""
print("Enter paragraph (type END to stop):")
while True:
line = input()
if line == "END":
break
text += line + " "

lines = [Link]('\n') + 1
words = len([Link]())
chars = len(text)
print("Lines:", lines)
print("Words:", words)
print("Characters:", chars)
13. Check if a String is Symmetrical
s = input("Enter string: ")
mid = len(s) // 2
if s[:mid] == s[mid:]:
print("Symmetrical")
else:
print("Not symmetrical")
Output:
Enter string: abab
Symmetrical

LIST HANDLING – COMPLETE PROGRAMS

1. Create a List and Display Elements

lst = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print("List:", lst)
Output:
List: [10, 20, 30, 40]

2. Input a List Using eval()

lst = eval(input("Enter a list: "))

print("List entered:", lst)
Output:
Enter a list: [2, 4, 6, 8]
List entered: [2, 4, 6, 8]

3. Input a List Using split()

lst = input("Enter numbers: ").split()
print("List:", lst)
Output:
Enter numbers: 10 20 30
List: ['10', '20', '30']

4. Accessing Elements (Indexing)

lst = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print("First element:", lst[0])
print("Last element:", lst[-1])
Output:
First element: 10
Last element: 40

5. Slicing a List
lst = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(lst[1:4])
print(lst[::-1])
Output:
[20, 30, 40]
[50, 40, 30, 20, 10]

6. List Concatenation & Repetition

a = [1, 2]
b = [3, 4]
print(a + b)
print(a * 3)
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]
7. Check Membership
lst = [5, 10, 15, 20]
print(10 in lst)
print(25 not in lst)
Output:
True
True

8. List Comparison
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
print(a == b)
Output:
True

9. Append & Extend

lst = [10, 20]
[Link](30)
[Link]([40, 50])
print(lst)
Output:
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

10. Insert and Pop

lst = [10, 20, 30]
[Link](1, 15)
print("After insert:", lst)
[Link](2)
print("After pop:", lst)
Output:
After insert: [10, 15, 20, 30]
After pop: [10, 15, 30]

11. Remove and Clear

lst = [10, 20, 30, 40]
[Link](30)
print("After remove:", lst)
[Link]()
print("After clear:", lst)
Output:
After remove: [10, 20, 40]
After clear: []

12. Traversing a List

lst = [5, 10, 15]
for i in range(len(lst)):
print(lst[i])
Output:
5
10
15

13. Find Sum, Max, Min

lst = [3, 5, 7, 2]
print("Sum:", sum(lst))
print("Max:", max(lst))
print("Min:", min(lst))
Output:
Sum: 17
Max: 7
Min: 2

14. Reverse and Sort

lst = [30, 10, 40, 20]
[Link]()
print("Sorted:", lst)
[Link]()
print("Reversed:", lst)
Output:
Sorted: [10, 20, 30, 40]
Reversed: [40, 30, 20, 10]
15. Count Occurrences

lst = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]
print("Count of 2:", [Link](2))
Output:
Count of 2: 3

16. Copy vs Reference

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
[Link](4)
print("a =", a)
print("b =", b)
Output:
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4]

17. Copy Properly

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [Link]()
[Link](4)
print("a =", a)
print("b =", b)
Output:
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4]

18. Merge Two Lists

a = [1, 2]
b = [3, 4]
c = a + b
print("Merged list:", c)
Output:
Merged list: [1, 2, 3, 4]

19. Separate Even and Odd Numbers

lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
even = []
odd = []
for i in lst:
if i % 2 == 0:
[Link](i)
else:
[Link](i)
print("Even:", even)
print("Odd:", odd)
Output:
Even: [2, 4, 6]
Odd: [1, 3, 5]

20. Remove Duplicates

lst = [1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4]
new = []
for i in lst:
if i not in new:
 [Link](i)
print("Without duplicates:", new)
Output:
Without duplicates: [1, 2, 3, 4]

21. Convert String → List

s = "Hello World"
lst = [Link]()
print(lst)
Output:
['Hello', 'World']

22. Convert List → String

lst = ['Python', 'is', 'fun']
s = " ".join(lst)
print(s)
Output:
Python is fun

23. Find 2nd Largest Number

lst = [10, 25, 15, 40]
[Link]()
print("Second largest:", lst[-2])
Output:
Second largest: 25

24. Frequency of Each Element

lst = [2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2]
freq = {}
for i in lst:
freq[i] = [Link](i, 0) + 1
print(freq)
Output:
{2: 3, 3: 2, 4: 1}

25. List of Squares (List Comprehension)

lst = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]
print(lst)
Output:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
26. Common Elements in Two Lists
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
b = [3, 4, 5, 6]
common = []
for i in a:
if i in b:
[Link](i)
print("Common elements:", common)
Output:
Common elements: [3, 4]

27. Interchange First and Last Element

lst = [10, 20, 30, 40]
lst[0], lst[-1] = lst[-1], lst[0]
print(lst)
Output:
[40, 20, 30, 10]

28. Reverse a List Without Using Reverse()

lst = [1, 2, 3, 4]
rev = []
for i in lst[::-1]:
[Link](i)
print(rev)
Output:[4, 3, 2, 1]

29. Sum of Elements Without Using sum()

lst = [1, 2, 3, 4]
total = 0
for i in lst:
total += i
print("Sum:", total)
Output:Sum: 10

30. Find Prime Numbers in a List

lst = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
prime = []
for n in lst:
if n > 1:
for i in range(2, n):
 if n % i == 0:
break
else:
[Link](n)
print("Prime numbers:", prime)
Output:
Prime numbers: [2, 3, 5, 7]