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Fricke-Macbeath Graph


FrickeMacbeathGraph

The Fricke-Macbeath graph, also called the Macbeath graph, is the 1-skeleton of the Hurwitz map {3,7}_(18) on the Fricke-Macbeath curve, which has genus 7. It is a septic graph with 72 vertices and 252 edges, illustrated above in a number of embeddings. The map has 168 triangular faces. Its automorphism group has group order 1008 (Bokowski and Cuntz 2018).

The following cyclic construction organizes an edge list and two-half decomposition supplied by E. Pegg, Jr. (pers. comm., May 20-21, 2025). Take all subscripts modulo 7 and write xy for the undirected edge with endpoints x and y. The letters are simply orbit labels. One 36-vertex half consists of a fixed vertex z and five seven-vertex families a_i, b_i, c_i, d_i, and e_i, with one vertex in each family for every i modulo 7. Simultaneously replacing every subscript i by i+1 is an order-7 graph automorphism of the half. For every i, add the edges za_i, a_ia_(i+3), a_ib_(i+2), a_ib_(i+5), a_ic_(i+4), a_id_(i+3), b_ic_(i+6), b_id_(i+1), b_ie_(i+4), c_id_(i+6), c_ie_i, and d_ie_(i+1). Take a disjoint isomorphic primed copy on z^', a_i^', b_i^', c_i^', d_i^', and e_i^'. Join the two halves, for every i, by the edges b_ic_(-i)^', b_id_(-i)^', c_ib_(-i)^', c_ic_(6-i)^', c_ie_(4-i)^', d_ib_(-i)^', d_id_(1-i)^', d_ie_(4-i)^', e_ic_(4-i)^', e_id_(4-i)^', e_ie_(4-i)^', and e_ie_(5-i)^'. The resulting graph is the Fricke-Macbeath graph.

The Fricke-Macbeath graph is implemented in the Wolfram Language as GraphData["FrickeMacbeathGraph"].

The local graph at every vertex is the cycle graph C_7. The graph is vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, and arc-transitive, as well as Hamiltonian and Hamilton-connected.

It has graph genus 7, girth 3, graph radius 5, graph diameter 5, chromatic number 5, edge chromatic number 7, clique number 3, and independence number 18. Its characteristic polynomial is

 p(x)=x^8(x+2)^8(x+3)^7(x-7)(x^3-x^2-9x+1)^9(x^3-3x^2-9x+3)^7.

See also

Fricke-Macbeath Curve, Hurwitz Map, Klein Graphs, Klein Quartic, Local Graph, Riemann Surface

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References

Bokowski, J. and Cuntz, M. "Hurwitz's Regular Map (3,7) of Genus 7: A Polyhedral Realization." Art Discrete Appl. Math. 1, #P1.02, 2018. https://doi.org/10.26493/2590-9770.1186.258.House of Graphs. "Fricke-Macbeath Graph." https://houseofgraphs.org/graphs/52273.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Fricke-Macbeath Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Fricke-MacbeathGraph.html

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