--- CSRAO
Introduction:
Java is a high-level level and general purpose.
Class-based programming language that is multi-platform,
Object-oriented (OOPS)and has a network-centric approach.
It has a specialty in the WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere) approach.
It is used as a computing platform by Sun Microsystem.
Java was later acquired by Oracle Corporation.
Java is a very popular programming language because it has a lot of
libraries built on top of it, which have made it easy for programmers to
find code that already exists for a specific task before starting to write
their own.
Java Features :
Object-Oriented: Java, being an Object-Oriented Programming
Language, offers a lot of important features like Data Encapsulation,
Inheritance, Data Hiding, etc. This makes Java a suitable language to
map real-world entities into objects and solve real-life problems.
Platform Independent: The compilation of code in Java is not specific to
any platform but rather it happens as a platform-independent bytecode.
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) then interprets it.
Secure: It helps developers develop secure and tamper-free code using
public-key encryption.
Multithreaded: It can perform many tasks simultaneously.
High Performance: Java provides high performance with Just In Time
compilers by compiling bytecode to native machine codes at run time.
This enhances the performance of Java.
Distributed: Java works really well for a distributed environment. It
helps users to create and manage multiple distributed applications
simultaneously. Hence the code can be saved on different machines and
accessed at the same time. This helps in the creation of large projects
(Using Remote Method Invocation this can be achieved).
Dynamic: It is designed to change according to the way the environment
is modified.
Low-lying constructs like pointers are not taken care of by Java. Pointers
are complicated and unsafe to use by programmers at the beginning
stage. As the focus in Java is around code simplicity – the usage of
pointers can make it challenging. Since the memory can be directly
accessed the security can be compromised. Thus, a certain level of
abstraction is used as pointers are not used in Java.
Disadvantages of Using Java
The execution of code can become slow because of the Just In Time (JIT)
Compiler.
The hardware cost increases as there are high memory and processing
requirements.
Java requires a significant amount of memory space as compared to
other languages.
IDE(Integrated Develop Environment)-NetBeans, eclipse …etc
Python is an interpreted tool base language
High-level, object-oriented programming language that is dynamically
typed and able to be used in a wide range of applications.
It has properties that are mostly inbuilt and support binding and type
casting dynamically which makes it one of the best choices.
The various modules and packages allow modularity and code reuse.
It is one of the fastest growing popular languages as the lines of codes
are drastically reduced making it readable and simple to use.
Python Features
Easy-to-learn
Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax.
This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
Easy-to-read
o Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
Easy-to-maintain
o Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
A broad standard library
o Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform
compatible on UNIX, Windows and Macintosh.
Interactive Mode
o Python has support for an interactive mode which allows
interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
Portable
o Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has
the same interface on all platforms.
Extendable
o Add low-level modules is very easy to the Python interpreter.
These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their
tools to be more efficient.
Databases
o Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
GUI Programming
o Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported
to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as
Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
Scalable
o Python provides a better structure and support for large programs
than shell scripting.
Disadvantages of using Python
Python is extremely weak in mobile computing. Therefore, it is not
widely used in application development.
It is an interpreted language and hence slow.
Weak in mobile computing and hence it is not used in app
development.
Python shows errors at run time as it is dynamic. As there is no error
generated during compile time, this might result in a loss of time for
developers running large chunks of code.
There is no commercial support.
IDE (integrated Develop Envir)PyCharm, IntelliJ IDEA,VS code, Spyder, Anaconda, Net
Beans, atom , Sublime text.. etc
Parameter Java Python
Compilation Java is a Compiled Language Python is an Interpreted
Language
Static or Dynamic Java is statically typed Python is dynamically typed
String operations Offers limited string related It offers lots of string related
functions. functions.
Learning curve Complex learning curve Easy to learn and use
Multiple inheritances Multiple inheritances is It offers both single and
partially done through multiple inheritances.
interfaces.
Braces vs. Indentation It uses curly braces to define Python uses indentation to
the beginning and end of each separate code into code
function and class definition. blocks.
Speed Java program runs slowly Python programs run faster
compared to Python. than Java.
Portability Any computer or mobile Python programs need an
device which is able to run interpreter installed on the
the Java virtual machine can target machine to translate
run a Java application Python code. Compared to
Java, Python is less portable.
Java takes 10 lines of code to Python only needs 2 lines of
read from a file in Java. code.
Architecture Java Virtual Machine provides For Python, the interpreter
the runtime environment to translates source code into
execute the code and convert machine-independent
bytecode into machine bytecode.
language.
Backend Frameworks Spring, Blade Django, Flask
Machine Learning Weka, Mallet, Tensorflow. Pytorch.
Libraries Deeplearning4j, MOA
Game Development JMonkeyEngine Cocos. Panda3d
Engines
Famous companies Airbnb, Netflix, Spotify, Uber, Technologies, Dropbox,
using this technology Instagram. Google.
Best features Great libraries Readable code
Widely used Rapid development
Excellent tooling Beautiful code
