What is Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a 2D and 3D graph plotting python library that serves as a

visualization utility.
Matplotlib was created by John [Link].
Matplotlib is open source and we can use it freely.
Matplotlib is mostly written in Python, a few segments are written in C, Objective-c
and Javascript for platform compatibility.
Using matplotlib, you can draw a different graph like below:
Line plot
Histogram
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Scatterplot
Area Plot
Error Charts
Power Spectra
etc.

Why use Matplotlib

As a machine learning engineer or data scientist, data analysis is a part of model
development. Looking numeric data, you can't get correct insights. So the best way
to plot a graph using that data and take a decision for further process. Data
visualization is process take after the data cleaning.
It produce high quality graph.
It also support animation.

Download and install Matplotlib

The matplotlib installation process is very simple. If you are using Anaconda Navigator,
then no need to install matplotlib. If you are using Python idle, PyCharm, Sublime Text,
etc then follow the below steps.
Open the command prompt or terminal and enter

In [ ]: pip install matplotlib

and press Enter Key to download and install matplotlib. The pip is a package, which
installs the matplotlib python library.

Import Matplotlib
Once Matplotlib is installed, import it in your applications by adding the import module
statement:
In [1]: import matplotlib

Now Matplotlib is imported and ready to use:

Pyplot
Most of the Matplotlib utilities lies under the pyplot submodule, and are usually
imported under the plt alias:

In [2]: import [Link] as plt

Now the Pyplot package can be referred to as plt.

Matplotlib Plotting
Plotting x and y points
The plot() function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram.

By default, the plot() function draws a line from point to point.

The function takes parameters for specifying points in the diagram.

Parameter 1 is an array containing the points on the x-axis.

Parameter 2 is an array containing the points on the y-axis.

If we need to plot a line from (1, 3) to (8, 10), we have to pass two arrays [1, 8] and
[3, 10] to the plot function.

EXAMPLE: Draw a line in a diagram from position (1, 3) to position (8, 10):

In [3]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

xpoints = [Link]([1, 8])

ypoints = [Link]([3, 10])

[Link](xpoints, ypoints)
[Link]()
 The X-axis is the horizontal axis.
The Y-axis is the vertical axis.

In [15]: # You can directly plot the graph without using the NumPy array.
import [Link] as plt

xpoints =[1, 8]
ypoints =[3, 10]

[Link](xpoints, ypoints)
[Link]()

Plotting Without Line

To plot only the markers, you can use shortcut string notation parameter 'o', which
means 'rings'.

EXAMPLE: Draw two points in the diagram, one at position (1, 3) and one in position (8,
10):

In [4]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

xpoints = [Link]([1,8])
ypoints = [Link]([3,10])
 [Link](xpoints, ypoints, 'o')
[Link]

Out[4]: <function [Link](close=None, block=None)>

In jupyter it is not required to use show() function. But in other IDLE it is required to
use show() function to show the graph.

Multiple Points
You can plot as many points as you like, just make sure you have the same number of
points in both axis.

Draw a line in a diagram from position (1, 3) to (2, 8) then to (6, 1) and finally to
position (8, 10):

In [5]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

xpoints = [Link]([1,2,6,8])
ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](xpoints, ypoints)
[Link]()

Default X-Points
 If we do not specify the points in the x-axis, they will get the default values 0, 1, 2,
3, (etc. depending on the length of the y-points)

So, if we take the same example as above, and leave out the x-points, the diagram
will look like this:

In [6]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10,5,7])

[Link](ypoints)
[Link]()

The x-points in the example above is [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

Set axis starting point

You can set the starting point of X and y axis by using axis() function.

In [1]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([1,2,6,8])
y = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link]([0,10,0,12]) # First two is for X-axis and Others are for Y-axis
[Link](x,y)
[Link]()
 Matplotlib Markers
Markers
You can use the keyword argument marker to emphasize each point with a specified
marker.

EXAMPLE: Mark each point with a circle:

In [8]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, marker = 'o')

[Link]()

EXAMPLE: Mark each point with a star:

In [9]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, marker = '*')

[Link]

Out[9]: <function [Link](close=None, block=None)>

 Format Strings fmt
You can use also use the shortcut string notation parameter to specify the marker.
This parameter is also called fmt.
Syntax:marker|line|color

EXAMPLE: Mark each point with a circle:

In [10]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, 'o:r')
[Link]()

o:r
o = Marker value ('o','*' etc)
: = Line value
r = Color reference

Let's understand them properly:

Line reference
 Note: If you leave out the line value in the fmt parameter, no line will be plottet.

Color Reference
The short color value can be one of the following:

Marker Size
You can use the keyword argument markersize or the shorter version ms to set the size
of the markers.
EXAMPLE:Set the size of the markers to 20:

In [2]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np
 ypoints = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20)

[Link]()

Marker Color
You can use the keyword argument markeredgecolor or the shorter mec to set the
color of the edge of the markers:
Example:Set the EDGE color to red:

In [12]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = 'r')

[Link]()

Marker face Color

You can use the keyword argument markerfaceecolor or the shorter mfc to set the
color inside the edge of the markers:

In [13]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

 [Link](ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mfc = 'r')
[Link]()

Use both the mec and mfc arguments to color of the entire marker:

EXAMPLE: Set the color of both the edge and the face:

In [14]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints,marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = 'r', mfc = 'k')

Out[14]: [<[Link].Line2D at 0x220dd149550>]

Matplotlib Line:
Linestyle
You can use the keyword argument linestyle, or shorter ls, to change the style of the
plotted line:

EXAMPLE: Use a dotted line:

In [15]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np
 ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, linestyle = 'dotted')

[Link]()

EXAMPLE: Use a dashed line

In [4]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, linestyle = 'dashed')

[Link]()

Shorter Syntax
The line style can be written in a shorter syntax:

linestyle can be written as ls.

dotted can be written as :.

dashed can be written as --.

In [17]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])
 [Link](ypoints, ls = ':')

[Link]()

Line Styles:
You can choose any of these styles

Line Color
You can use the keyword argument color or the shorter c to set the color of the line:

Example:Set the line color to red

In [18]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, c = 'r')
[Link]()
 Line Width
You can use the keyword argument linewidth or the shorter lw to change the width
of the line.

The value is a floating number, in points:

EXAMPLE: Plot with a 20.5pt wide line

In [19]: import [Link] as plt

ypoints = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](ypoints, linewidth = '20.5')

[Link]()

Multiple Lines
You can plot as many lines as you like by simply adding more [Link]() functions:

Example: Draw two lines by specifying a [Link]() function for each line

In [20]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y1 = [Link]([3,8,1,10])
y2 = [Link]([6,2,7,11])
 [Link](y1)
[Link](y2)

[Link]()

You can also plot many lines by adding the points for the x- and y-axis for each line in
the same [Link]() function.

(In the examples above we only specified the points on the y-axis, meaning that the
points on the x-axis got the the default values (0, 1, 2, 3).)

The x- and y- values come in pairs:

EXAMPLE: Draw two lines by specifiyng the x- and y-point values for both lines

In [21]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x1 = [Link]([0,1,2,3])
x2 = [Link]([3,8,1,10])
x3 = [Link]([0,1,2,3])
x4 = [Link]([6,2,7,11])

[Link](x1,x2,x3,x4)
[Link]()

Matplotlib Labels and Title:

 Create Labels for a Plot
With Pyplot, you can use the xlabel() and ylabel() functions to set a label for the x- and
y-axis.

EXAMPLE: Add labels to the x- and y-axis

In [22]: import numpy as np

import [Link] as plt

x = [Link]([80,85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])

y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link](x,y)

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link]()

Create a Title for a Plot

With Pyplot, you can use the title() function to set a title for the plot.

EXAMPLE: Add a plot title and labels for the x- and y-axis

In [1]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link](x,y)

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link]()
 Set Font Properties for Title and Labels
You can use the fontdict parameter in xlabel(), ylabel(), and title()</font>, title() to set
font properties for the title and labels.

Example: Set font properties for the title and labels

In [24]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

font1 = {'family':'serif','color':'blue','size':20}
font2 = {'family':'serif','color':'darkred','size':15}

[Link]("Sports Watch Data", fontdict = font1)

[Link]("Average Pulse", fontdict = font2)
[Link]("Calorie Burnage", fontdict = font2)

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()

Position the Title

 You can use the </font>, loc parameter in </font>, title() to position the title.

arguments:{'left', 'right', and 'center'. Default value is 'center'}

Example: Position the title to the left

In [25]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data", loc = 'left')

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()

Line Name
You can give the Name to your line by using legend function.

In [26]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data", loc = 'left')

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link](x,y)

[Link](["Health Line"])
[Link]()
 NOTE: You can change the position of the legend by giving arguments loc

Matplotlib Adding Grid Lines:

Add Grid Lines to a Plot
With Pyplot, you can use the grid() function to add grid lines to the plot.

Example:Add grid lines to the plot

In [27]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link](x,y)

[Link]()

[Link]()
 Specify Which Grid Lines to Display
You can use the axis parameter in the grid() function to specify which grid lines to
display.

Legal values are: 'x', 'y', and 'both'. Default value is 'both'.

EXAMPLE: Display only grid lines for the x-axis

In [28]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link](x,y)

[Link](axis = 'x')

[Link]()

Set Line Properties for the Grid

You can also set the line properties of the grid, like this: grid(color = 'color', linestyle =
'linestyle', linewidth = number).

Example: Set the line properties of the grid

In [29]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")
 [Link](x,y)

[Link](color = 'green', linestyle = '--', linewidth = 0.5)

[Link]()

Change the size of the figure

You can change the size of the figure by using figure() function.

In [26]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

# Lets change the size of the figure

[Link](figsize = (16,9))

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link](x,y)

[Link](color = 'green', linestyle = '--', linewidth = 0.5)

[Link]()
 Always use the figure() function at starting.

Style:
With Matplotlib, we have styles which serve a very similar purpose to Matplotlib
graphs as CSS (cascading style sheet) pages serve for HTML.
The idea of a style page is to write your customization to a style file, and then, to use
those changes and apply them to your graph, all you do is import style and then use
that specific style.

First, you will need to import the style module from matplotlib:

In [30]: from matplotlib import style

Next, we specifiy what style we want to use. Matplotlib comes with a few styles
[Link]

In [31]: [Link]('ggplot')

Let's see on graph

In [6]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import style

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link]("ggplot")
 [Link](x,y)
[Link]()

Immediately, we can tell the font is different, besides the title, the color of labels are
grey, and the axis background is a light grey. We also notice the grid is actually a solid
white line.

Another example of a style is from fivethirtyeight :

In [7]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import style

x = [Link]([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = [Link]([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])

[Link]("Sports Watch Data")

[Link]("Average Pulse")
[Link]("Calorie Burnage")

[Link]("fivethirtyeight")

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()

You can see all of the available styles you currently have by doing:

In [34]: print([Link])
 ['Solarize_Light2', '_classic_test_patch', 'bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 'f
ivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn', 'seaborn-bright', 'seaborn-colorblind',
'seaborn-dark', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-darkgrid', 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-mute
d', 'seaborn-notebook', 'seaborn-paper', 'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-tal
k', 'seaborn-ticks', 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'tableau-colorblind10']
You can choose any and use them.

Matplotlib Subplots:
Display Multiple Plots
With the subplots() function you can draw multiple plots in one figure:

EXAMPLE: Draw 2 plots

In [35]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

#plot 1:
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](1, 2, 1)
[Link](x,y)

#plot 2:
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](1, 2, 2)
[Link](x,y)

[Link]()

The subplots() Function

The subplots() function takes three arguments that describes the layout of the figure.

The layout is organized in rows and columns, which are represented by the first and
second argument.
 The third argument represents the index of the current plot.

In [8]: [Link](1, 2, 1)
#the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the first plot.

Out[8]: <AxesSubplot:>

In [37]: [Link](1, 2, 2)
#the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the second plot.

Out[37]: <AxesSubplot:>

So, if we want a figure with 2 rows an 1 column (meaning that the two plots will be
displayed on top of each other instead of side-by-side), we can write the syntax like
this:

EXAMPLE: Draw 2 plots on top of each other

In [38]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

#plot 1
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](2,1,1)
[Link](x,y)
 #plo 2
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](2,1,2)
[Link](x,y)

[Link]()

You can draw as many plots you like on one figure, just descibe the number of rows,
columns, and the index of the plot.

EXAMPLE: Draw 6 plots

In [39]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](2, 3, 1)
[Link](x,y)

x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](2, 3, 2)
[Link](x,y)

x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](2, 3, 3)
[Link](x,y)

x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](2, 3, 4)
[Link](x,y)

x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](2, 3, 5)
[Link](x,y)
 x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](2, 3, 6)
[Link](x,y)

[Link]()

Title
You can add a title to each plot with the title() function:

EXAMPLE: 2 plots, with titles

In [40]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

#plot 1
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](1,2,1)
[Link](x,y)
[Link]("SALES")

#plot 2
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](1,2,2)
[Link](x,y)
[Link]("INCOME")

[Link]()
 Super Title
You can add a title to the entire figure with the suptitle() function:

EXAMPLE: Add a title for the entire figure

In [41]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

#plot 1:
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](1, 2, 1)
[Link](x,y)
[Link]("SALES")

#plot 2:
x = [Link]([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])

[Link](1, 2, 2)
[Link](x,y)
[Link]("INCOME")

[Link]("MY SHOP")
[Link]()
 Scatter:
Creating Scatter Plots
With Pyplot, you can use the scatter() function to draw a scatter plot.

The scatter() function plots one dot for each observation. It needs two arrays of the
same length, one for the values of the x-axis, and one for values on the y-axis:

EXAMPLE: A simple scatter plot

In [42]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()

The observation in the example above is the result of 13 cars passing by.

The X-axis shows how old the car is.

 The Y-axis shows the speed of the car when it passes.

Are there any relationships between the observations?

It seems that the newer the car, the faster it drives, but that could be a coincidence,
after all we only registered 13 cars.

Color
You can change the color of dots.

In [21]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])

[Link](x,y, c= 'r' )
[Link]()

Change the design of the marker

You can change the design of the marker by using the merker parameter.

In [28]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])

[Link](x,y, c= 'r',marker = "*" )

[Link]()
 Change the size of the marker.

In [31]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])

[Link](x,y, c= 'r',marker = "*", s = 200)

[Link]()

Compare Plots
In the example above, there seems to be a relationship between speed and age, but
what if we plot the observations from another day as well? Will the scatter plot tell us
something else?

EXAMPLE: Draw two plots on the same figure

In [43]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

#day one, the age and speed of 13 cars:

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
[Link](x, y)
 #day two, the age and speed of 15 cars:
x = [Link]([2,2,8,1,15,8,12,9,7,3,11,4,7,14,12])
y = [Link]([100,105,84,105,90,99,90,95,94,100,79,112,91,80,85])
[Link](x, y)

[Link]()

By comparing the two plots, I think it is safe to say that they both gives us the same
conclusion: the newer the car, the faster it drives.

Colors You can set your own color for each scatter plot with the color or the c
argument:

EXAMPLE: Set your own color of the markers

In [44]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
[Link](x, y, color = 'hotpink')

x = [Link]([2,2,8,1,15,8,12,9,7,3,11,4,7,14,12])
y = [Link]([100,105,84,105,90,99,90,95,94,100,79,112,91,80,85])
[Link](x, y, color = '#88c999')

[Link]()

Color Each Dot

 You can even set a specific color for each dot by using an array of colors as value for
the c argument:

Example: Set your own color of the markers

In [45]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
colors = [Link](["red","green","blue","yellow","pink","black","orange","purple","beige"

[Link](x, y, c=colors)

[Link]()

Size
You can change the size of the dots with the s argument.

Just like colors, make sure the array for sizes has the same length as the arrays for the
x- and y-axis:

In [10]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
sizes = [Link]([20,50,100,200,500,1000,60,90,10,300,600,800,75])

[Link](x,y, s= sizes)

[Link]()
 Alpha
You can adjust the transparency of the dots with the alpha argument.

Just like colors, make sure the array for sizes has the same length as the arrays for the
x- and y-axis:

EXAMPLE:Set your own size for the markers

In [11]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
sizes = [Link]([20,50,100,200,500,1000,60,90,10,300,600,800,75])

[Link](x, y, s=sizes, alpha=0.5)

[Link]()

You can use others function also for scatter plot that we used in line plot like title(),
xlabel()

Bars:
 Creating Bars
With Pyplot, you can use the bar() function to draw bar graphs:

EXAMPLE:Draw 4 bars

In [46]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y)

Out[46]: <BarContainer object of 4 artists>

The bar() function takes arguments that describes the layout of the bars.

The categories and their values represented by the first and second argument as
arrays.

In [47]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = ["APPLES", "BANANAS"]
y = [400, 350]

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()
 Horizontal Bars
If you want the bars to be displayed horizontally instead of vertically, use the barh()
function:

EXAMPLE: Draw 4 horizontal bars

In [48]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()

Bar Color
The bar() and barh() takes the keyword argument color to set the color of the bars:

EXAMPLE: Draw 4 red bars

In [49]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](['A','B','C','D'])
 y = [Link]([3,8,1,10])

[Link](x,y, color ='red')

[Link]()

You can use different colous and Color Hex also.

Bar Width
The bar() takes the keyword argument width to set the width of the bars:

EXAMPLE: Draw 4 very thin bars

In [50]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y, width = 0.1)

[Link]()

The default width value is 0.8

For horizontal bars, use height instead of width.

Bar Height
 The barh() takes the keyword argument height to set the height of the bars:

EXAMPLE: Draw 4 very thin bars

In [51]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x, y, height = 0.1)

[Link]()

The default height value is 0.8

Bar edge
You can chnage position of the bar by using align parameter.

In [52]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y, width = 0.2, align = 'edge')

[Link]()
 Edge color
You can change the color of the edges by using edgecolor function

In [53]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y, width = 0.2,align = 'edge',edgecolor='k')

[Link]()

Edge width
You can chnage the widtth of edge by using linewidth parameter.

In [54]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y, width = 0.2,align = 'edge',edgecolor='k',linewidth = 5)

[Link]()

Edge Line Style

 You can chnage the style of edge line by using linestyle parameter.

In [55]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y, width = 0.5,align = 'edge',edgecolor='k',linewidth = 5,linestyle='--')

[Link]()

Change the figure size

To change the size of the figure we have figure() function.

In [20]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

[Link](figsize=(16,9))

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])

[Link](x,y)
[Link]()
 More than One data sets
Sometimes we have two or more sets to represent. For that you have to just use
another bar() function

In [82]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = [Link]([3, 8, 1, 10])
z = [Link]([2, 9, 5, 8])

x_index = [Link](len(x))

width = 0.2

[Link](x_index,y, color ='r')

[Link](x_index + width ,z,color ='k')

[Link]()
But it overlap each ohter, we cant't get result properly.

Histogram:
A histogram is a graph showing frequency distributions.

It is a graph showing the number of observations within each given interval.

EXAMPLE: Say you ask for the height of 250 people, you might end up with a histogram
like this:

You can read from the histogram that there are approximately:

2 people from 140 to 145cm

5 people from 145 to 150cm
15 people from 151 to 156cm
31 people from 157 to 162cm
46 people from 163 to 168cm
53 people from 168 to 173cm
45 people from 173 to 178cm
28 people from 179 to 184cm
21 people from 185 to 190cm
4 people from 190 to 195cm

Create Histogram
 In Matplotlib, we use the hist() function to create histograms.

The hist() function will use an array of numbers to create a histogram, the array is
sent into the function as an argument.

For simplicity we use NumPy to randomly generate an array with 250 values, where
the values will concentrate around 170, and the standard deviation is 10.

EXAMPLE: A simple histogram

In [56]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

x = [Link](170, 10, 250)

[Link](x)
[Link]()

let's take another example

First create the data or information

In [57]: import numpy as np

import random

a_student_age = [Link](18,45,(100))
b_student_age = [Link](15,40,(100))

print(a_student_age,'\n')

print(b_student_age)

[20 23 44 19 28 30 24 33 38 27 35 40 28 32 36 28 36 33 29 19 23 28 39 28
30 28 21 32 18 32 34 20 19 26 19 39 32 25 42 19 19 34 28 36 39 36 27 20
30 26 38 35 31 20 19 24 37 26 42 35 20 40 29 27 39 37 43 40 40 27 23 22
25 26 29 20 22 34 35 29 25 21 27 26 41 29 39 41 25 18 44 23 26 19 37 42
22 35 23 40]

[15 39 33 38 38 38 20 36 32 34 15 30 17 28 39 36 15 22 34 24 37 34 39 34
19 18 38 30 22 38 17 26 29 22 33 31 27 18 19 32 28 38 30 15 30 20 21 37
28 18 15 39 20 21 15 23 26 28 15 32 27 15 28 25 23 34 35 39 22 27 32 25
20 35 32 16 28 17 18 22 27 18 19 17 22 19 27 37 28 31 33 23 22 20 28 27
25 18 21 31]

In [58]: [Link](a_student_age)
 [Link]("A Students age Histograms")
[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()

Histogram Parameters:
bins=None,
range=None,
density=False,
weights=None,
cumulative=False,
bottom=None,
histtype='bar',
align='mid',
orientation='vertical',
rwidth=None,
log=False,
color=None,
label=None,
stacked=False,
*,
data=None,
**kwargs,

bins:
This parameter is used to set the range of the bars.
arguments:{int or sequence or str, default: :rc: [Link] }

In [17]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

a_student_age = [Link](18,45,(100))
 # To set the range of bar
bins = [15,20,25,30,35,40,45] # we set from 15 to 45 because our data is start from 15 and

[Link](a_student_age,bins)

[Link]("A Students age Histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()

density:
draw and return a probability density: each bin will display the bin's raw count divided
by the total number ofcounts and the bin width

In [60]: [Link](a_student_age,density= True)

[Link]("A Students age Histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()
 rwidth:
To set the width of the bar, by default it is 1

In [61]: [Link](a_student_age,rwidth = 0.8,)

[Link]("A Students age Histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()

histtype:
It changes the type of histogram
It has four arguments {'bar','barstacked','step','stepfilled'}

In [62]: [Link](a_student_age,histtype = 'step')

[Link]("A Students age Histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")
 [Link]()

orientation:
To make graph horizonatl or vertical
arguments:{'vertical','horizontal}
By default it is vertical

In [63]: [Link](a_student_age, orientation = 'horizontal')

[Link]("A Students age Histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()

color:
To set the colour of the bar.

In [64]: [Link](a_student_age, color = 'm')

 [Link]("A Students age Histograms")
[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")

[Link]()

Pie Charts:
Creating Pie Charts With Pyplot, you can use the pie() function to draw pie charts:

EXAMPLE: A simple pie chart

In [12]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

[Link](y)
[Link]()

As you can see the pie chart draws one piece (called a wedge) for each value in the
array (in this case [35, 25, 25, 15]).

By default the plotting of the first wedge starts from the x-axis and move
counterclockwise:
 The size of each wedge is determined by comparing the value with all the other values,
by using this formula:

The value divided by the sum of all values: x/sum(x)

Labels
Add labels to the pie chart with the label parameter.

The label parameter must be an array with one label for each wedge:

EXAMPLE: A simple pie chart

In [33]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apple", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels)

[Link]()
 Start Angle
As mentioned the default start angle is at the x-axis, but you can change the start
angle by specifying a lstartangle parameter.

The lstartangle parameter is defined with an angle in degrees, default angle is 0:

EXAMPLE:Start the first wedge at 90 degrees

In [67]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

 mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, startangle = 90)

[Link]()

Explode
Maybe you want one of the wedges to stand out? The explode parameter allows you to
do that.

The explode parameter, if specified, and not None, must be an array with one value for
each wedge.

Each value represents how far from the center each wedge is displayed:

Example:Pull the "Apples" wedge 0.2 from the center of the pie

In [68]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode)

[Link]()

Shadow
 Add a shadow to the pie chart by setting the shadows parameter to True:

Example:Add a shadow

In [40]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode, shadow = True)

[Link]()

Colors
You can set the color of each wedge with the colors parameter.

The colors parameter, if specified, must be an array with one value for each wedge:

Example: Specify a new color for each wedge

In [70]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
mycolors = ["black", "hotpink", "b", "#4CAF50"]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, colors = mycolors)

[Link]()
 Legend
To add a list of explanation for each wedge, use the legend() function:

EXAMPLE: Add a legend

In [71]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels)

[Link]()
[Link]()

Legend With Header

To add a header to the legend, add the title parameter to the legend function.

EXAMPLE: Add a legend with a header

In [72]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels)

 [Link](title = "Four Fruits:")
[Link]()

To change the size of the Text

To change the size of the text we have the textprops parameter.

In [39]: import [Link] as plt

import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]

text_properties = {"fontsize":20}

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode, shadow = True, textprops = text_propert

[Link]()

To change the size/radious of pie chart

In [42]: import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode, shadow = True,radius = 2 )

[Link]()
 To change the wedge properties
In [46]: import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np

y = [Link]([35, 25, 25, 15])

mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]

wedge_properties = {"linewidth":4, "width":1, "edgecolor":"k"}

[Link](y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode,wedgeprops = wedge_properties )

[Link]()

Let's plot all graph by using subplot

In [55]: import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pda
[Link](figsize=(16,9))

##----------------------------------------start
#[Link](3,2,1)
[Link](321)
#********************************************Line Plot
days = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
delhi_tem = [36.6, 37, 37.7,39,40.1,43,43.4,45,45.6,40.1,44,45,46.8,47,47.8]
mumbai_tem = [39,39.4,40,40.7,41,42.5,43.5,44,44.9,44,45,45.1,46,47,46]

[Link](days, delhi_tem, "mo--", linewidth = 3,

markersize = 10, label = "Delhi tem")

[Link](days, mumbai_tem, "yo:", linewidth = 3,

markersize = 10, label = "Mumbai tem}")

[Link]("Delhi & Mumbai Temperature Line Plot", fontsize=15)

[Link]("days",fontsize=13)
[Link]("temperature",fontsize=13)
[Link](loc = 4)
[Link](color='w', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)

#---------------------------------------------------------------end

[Link](3,2,2) ##-------------------------------------------------start
#****************************************************************histograms
ml_students_age = [Link](18,45, (100))
py_students_age = [Link](15,40, (100))
bins = [15,20,25,30,35,40,45]

[Link]([ml_students_age, py_students_age], bins, rwidth=0.8, histtype = "bar",

orientation='vertical', color = ["m", "y"], label = ["ML Student", "Py Student"]

[Link]("ML & Py Students age histograms")

[Link]("Students age cotegory")
[Link]("No. Students age")
[Link]()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------end

[Link](3,2,3) ##--------------------------------------------start
#************************************************************Bar Chart
classes = ["Python", "R", "AI", "ML", "DS"]
class1_students = [30, 10, 20, 25, 10] # out of 100 student in each class
class2_students = [40, 5, 20, 20, 10]
class3_students = [35, 5, 30, 15, 15]
classes_index = [Link](len(classes))

width = 0.2

[Link](classes_index, class1_students, width , color = "b",

label =" Class 1 Students") #visible=False

[Link](classes_index + width, class2_students, width , color = "g",

label =" Class 2 Students")

[Link](classes_index + width + width, class3_students, width , color = "y",

label =" Class 3 Students")

[Link](classes_index + width, classes, rotation = 20)

[Link]("Bar Chart of IAIP Class Bar Chart", fontsize = 18)
[Link]("Classes",fontsize = 15)
[Link]("No. of Students", fontsize = 15)
[Link]()
#--------------------------------------------------------------------end

[Link](3,2,4) ##------------------------------------------------start
#**************************************************************Scatter Plot
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np

x = [Link]([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = [Link]([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
sizes = [Link]([20,50,100,200,500,1000,60,90,10,300,600,800,75])

[Link](x, y, s=sizes, alpha=0.5)

[Link]()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------end

[Link](3,2,5) ##-----------------------------------------start
#*************************************************************Pie plot
classes = ["Python", 'R', 'Machine Learning', 'Artificial Intelligence',
'Data Sciece']
class1_students = [45, 15, 35, 25, 30]
explode = [0.03,0,0.1,0,0]
colors = ["c", 'b','r','y','g']
textprops = {"fontsize":5}

[Link](class1_students,
labels = classes,
explode = explode,
colors =colors,
autopct = "%0.2f%%",
shadow = True,
radius = 1.4,
startangle = 270,
textprops =textprops)
#------------------------------------------------------end

[Link](3,2,6, projection='polar', facecolor='k' ,frameon=True)

[Link]()
In [ ]: