OBJ ECT -ORLENIE D ROCIKAMMENG

what s JAVA 2
JAVA is
genral puxpose, high evel object -oriented

ptogramming Langage
Tt was orta'nay developed b James
a
Gosling
at Sun

eleasedin
& 1995, as coRe Component
Microsysiem

o Sun Mictosysicm 3vA platform

1n 1qq1, Suo MCosystems developed

a project amed as
Gaeen Project in which one of tuware was dev eloped, om
ed as oak 8 thts oak' software in 1915. as Tenamed

as nvA
Java has 3 editions

IAVA

12ME
Java to Java to Java to
Standaad edition
fnterprise Edition Miuuo Edition

(CORE. 3 AVA) ADVAuCD 3AVn)

ypes ot proaramming pproach

.
1. Monolithic Paoqtomming Appxoach

3.
Procedunal
Sttuctuncd
BASTC
FORTRAD,
PASCAL, C
COGoL

4. Objet Oruentcd JAVA, C++

No
Cc Sttuctuted approach but Proxcd utal Orientcd La03
a
featuucs o JAVA
Java is Compiled ass well as intepeted
4ongnae
i) Java is platfonm independent
i) Java suppotts object Oruentcd ptogtamming
iJava
Java is used to develop intcanet based applications

Ce
Cea sRYLET ,APPLET, 3SP CJava Seavea Pagrs)

9 Java suppouts mlti-threading.

vi)It is used to eneate
dynomicweb pages.
 facilities to eleetonic
vii) Java pLovides prtogtam Consu
Such as pantop miuro-oe
mobtle, laptop. palmtop
mabl devius
machime ett
ashing
#wap to display Hello Wortld in
Java
In oicpad

(
class Fitst

public
Static void main String angs 1) of
Object
Prin StmeOn

[Link]. println
C" Hello World "); (outm
memben of

(in his ine 's' aftc 3is optional)

Al he Java progtcms
must be 60ved
b class namn

Save he abov prtoqram aS first ava

wiih a lettea 3S pe
Class name shou ld begin Capital
convênti0
namin
In

C:
C
>
Command Ptomp+_

>cd..
cd..
C >cd\ Command
tgmo
tih
ntetión

C:>cd 31
c131 javac [Link]
Compslatio)

c\31java finst Run/Exe teete

to change
te teeel din, use C: d:

Output He llo
onld

Tostallation oJava sof twar (Jdk)

1 Jdk icon

2. Cick on ext OR Ok ol Aceept or Submit as per 1he

Cequicement

Path settina
1. Cick on m P oR his Pc
Prtoperties
3. Advanced Tab
Envitonmental vatiable
5 Path (orn sHsttm variable)
6 Edit
7 c:\Program Files1Java jdk1s\ bin.
8. Save

How to kno path setting_is_corect oK not

whethe the Tdk sof tware coKn installed ou

lo check is ctly

not, we've to pettotm he folloin a Steps

1. Command ptompt
Entea
3. 8pe javac 4 press
the soltwar installed successttulla, a set of commords

uwil be displajed othewise itwi show the eioL Messap.

)
wap to enteR int¢gexs 10 4RO and dispto the' Sum
class Scum

public
Static void main(Stung ogs

int a 10, b:20 ;

int C atb
"+c);
[Link]("Sum:

To save » Sum. java

To compile javac [Link]

lo ru0 java Sum

Oap for the addition od an inttgens usia

d
a. Command ne azgument
b b. scannet class
class
BeuffeaReader

a class Add

statie void main(Stning azgs[1)

pubtic

int a, b, c
a [Link] (angslo1);
b-Integen-patse Int(angsl11);
C atb
he sum is"+c);
[Link] print ln
save [Link]

Cempile javac [Link]

execute java Add 10 30

pLess Entea
The sum is 40

impot [Link].*;
class Add

'
public
static void main(Sttig ogsl)
Scanner K=new [Link]); K objec4 no
"¤mea two numbeus);
[Link](
int a [Link]);
int b K nextlnt();
int C atb
System. [Link] The sum is +c);

Save Add java

Compilejarac [Link]
Run java Add

7 impoe [Link].*
class Add

tatic void mainSting argsl)throos

pubie TOException

int ab,
new
Buffeaad Reader K BuffexedReaderlneu InputStncamRcad
[Link])):
[Link] CEnter oumbers);
[Link] Int([Link] ));
b: [Link] ([Link]));
catb
[Link] he sum is "+c);

Save>[Link]
compile javac [Link]

Run iava Add

 Command Line Angumentatio Scaone
(args[ol) [Link]()
Integen: [Link] Int
Float: [Link] loat (angsfo) [Link] U
[Link])
Douhle: [Link] Double(aqsfol)
[o) [Link]) fon single line
Stning: angs stin
[Link])+foL multitine
String
BufeacdReade
Jotesea Jntegen pa selnt [Link] ))
float [Link] [Link] ())
Deuble [Link]
Double ([Link] ())
Su S+ing-paLse
[Link]( )

to Read a chozacle in Jovc

Hoco Displa

import [Link].x
class A

pubtic static vod mn(Staing al])

Sconne K neu» [Link]);

[Link] tea a cheracte");

chaa.m= [Link]).chaaAt (6) ;

tnCtnterd chaqctHCA is: "'+m);
[Link]

6ave Ajava
Compejavac [Link]
Run javd A

Dato ype
Data data avatiable will hold

e
the
tHpe specidies ype of

Datarypes mo be
o
Non-primitive
Cta sses
Primitt
int double 1otertaces
shot floa AR
L Stuna tt
booloon
eha
byte

fi
 AV
81
Solor yNT Cuda
tnt bytts floot1 te
shont 2 double

long boole an
bit (1tue false )
chan -1 yt

default,
0OL s1docbk
5.4f floa t

loat [Link]
detble [Link]

Paimitiv
Dumeruc

1ndegaal
chakccdea

Cha Toteaen floatn

byt shot nt loat double

long

int a:1o, b:20 ;

(Sum:"+a
( Heilo=
+': '+b) 10:2o
[Link]
Hell "ta 4b) He llo 1020
[Link]
[Link]+ "Helo") 30Helto

[Link] panttn
C4 "Hello"+ a) ; telte 10 naen
30 Helo
ysten, [Link] tb+ "lell .")>

Systen, [Link] "Hello (a4b) Hello30

Rules to witing avaProqro

1 Java is case sensitive.

Class name should begin wth captal lattc.

3 It's not a rrule, but a format).

fe
Function name should ith smal
begin tettet.
4 he classnome consists of onds CR
mutiple -theo itst
ofeach vOrd should be
capital, Pes (PascalCase)

functionmame conststs o mutiple words, hco excapt

he firrst otd, the fins+lettc of
remoning shauld
ords
 be capital. camelCase)
6The above teles ate foloued Javo
Bevelopment Ki
C3DKS
oa Hs ptedefined elasses 4 funetions.

So it is be to tollo
he mentioned ules while CAAatim.

use dedined classer 4 methods .

NOAC

int
niegen paaseInt(ongslo1)
a meihod of ckass This methe
Here pase Intis ntegen
a imo
used to ConvCat a datatipe into JPR
he a bove $1atemen
conveats the
the
a
conte of

vaiabie
aags lo]

type 3
StoLs in
intcger
into inHeqen

(00P)
Object Ortentcd PRogrammio
It is a prrogomntnA pa4odim which deals wh he (on
cept of object to bu ild Prgiams Softwarc applications

It is. a progitammin
poradigm that

emor
alloos a mode o

asea
prognam 1ormina separat
by formin
modulonising
as unctionns that is sed as objeet
or data as wel

o module3 as pe he requ me ntr

to makjng Copies
of oOP
Concepts/FeatcaresElements
class
object
meshod
abstta ction

foca psulation
Inheitane

'
clas
Polymorphism
Dynamic
Delegtio
Messag
Btnding

passtn

A class is he colectton of similan objects having

Commo behavi0uA 4 prcopenties

Trut Cclas)

mangp Onsny PPke okje ts)

 an usedef'ined whch is he collectia
A class is datatype collection
of
of data methods (functions)
dissmitaa types

ctass is a templaie
Or hrmework
tus
ghich
which
ob
ob,
A
Cts are CXeated.
be no. of
can an objects
For
fo a single
class 1heat

Objest
A s he instaoe of a class
A abject
is the basic tu time entits
o object
An object

6ste
o
oiented

he object epcsent
he
a petson, plate,
ca handle
a
.
bank ace-

that pogtam

0bjet (Stucdent)

Dard
Dame
Rellno
DOB
Adress
Ema
Function
SName
Sr
Sdobl
SAddC
SemaIL

Method
Ii
Method dofines he abili4 of an dbject
Tt is the enti*
entity hzougb which an objec4 intexacAs wh

walkn
un doga
the exteanal environment .
is an

etc.
eample of object then bak, bit i
aLits abilities.

So baak ), biteC), ualkC), nunt) et ase he methods o*

object doa
 VAbstactioo,
is the ptocess
Aastitaction ofrepresent ing essetial Aect-
cARcs ithout 1ncluding
the unnece
essan details C bock.
ound details).

£ncapsulation
t he
is process of combining data members (vauables)
tundt
membe functions (functhons) into
asingle
e class

vi- Inhetitance
The precess o Cxeating new class inheuting thc
4ne
behavioLn of one mona existing cdass
properies
known as înhez ttna mechanism.

g
is

The closs tskno as Base class/ Pancnt ele ss

existing
and
eat¢d clcs s known
hedëtived
th
as Detied
Super clcss,

3
Child Sub class

e LA (Exishrg)

(New CReated)

Hpes
Jnhexitance
Single
-iditectl ho SupPented b jcua
Multtipt but indReeil suppoatcd bsing intajace
Multi level mechc nis

Hiero achial

Hybid xifmutiple. meehanijmis used

Multipath

[Link] Toheritano
When a ne»class is zoated" inheriting he Prope. b
hes behaiota of one existing elass hon tis knoun know

as inhetitance mechanism
single
b. ulthple
vohena new class is Cuat ed inhetuh
nheuting
Ahe
h
prop
ethes behaioun of oK mox existig lasses Ahcs
the

t'S koocw) aas multiple inhetancemachanism

C. Multilevel

when he dasses ae deived ox CKcote fae anothc

known as multitovel in houtanu

detved elass hen it is

mechantsm.
LA

[Link]
When Ahe
H is koown
classes
as
ahieenchi a
devved ke
inhedtanca
ee uctent,
mmechaSm,
hon

CTnce Stxuestttae)

hybrid
twhen the acL deAved
classes
usina mora the
hen onc
tohostonte
HdnL
mechanism, te it is kaon as Hybid inhe.
mechanism
A aSin
[Link]
[Link]:th
When a new is esreate
clogs inheti
inhoitinm ke ptopea
behaiou fhos classeswhich
nc having
ties as multipbth inheu
class hen it is knocon
Some patcnt
paten+
tanca mechansm

ViiPolmophis
Te OOnd polymz phzs m Comes tzom 4he word poly

monphets foims)

Polmonphism
s he PLocess mechani s) which the

behaves d:feaent in dHeunt sitiation

Same ent

C 52 7 Additio

"Hello" + h0oxld t(e Ho koad Concetcnatien

pe Palymo aphiEanlBndtime
Static Polymorphim Compile.
Dynomtc Polrmazphism
time.
Rn
poljmoxphismLate Binding

a-Compile ime Palmorphism

is achieved dutig complc time,
when poluamorphtsm
time
then it is ko as comptc pomorphism.
ovenload
e. meshod ovetloadn/funetion

[Link] time Polymonphism

Whon he polmozphsm is achieved dui7 tu time 0, exe
time, then it is known as R tme polymphis.
Cution

ej. mehod ovenid

Vil

C-Dynanis Bicdtng
it s the prtocess o Connecting
one
praoJko)
to a0otho,ie

to be eaeuted n ep to a cal
d Deltgafto).
closs wil
act as data m
of one
when he object
in anothe class,then Such composition is
benCvoaiabl)
KQoa as deligat ion.

eAMessage Passtn
difeaent is koeun as
objects
he Communt caiion
betweun

esage passin

Assignmeot 03 01 2023
1. Oap to a sting 4 displaj
en
2. splay
displa he add" 4 scubsttactu of 2floati
no.s ustn Command
ne angtmers, Scennes class
type
ButfeReador volem
3 Desiga PrLogToOm
to dsptoy
he value o4 a cube uuboid

sphete lindu
tapezium

JAVA TOK.E NS
A
A token ts the Smalles individceal unid o a proge

am that ts meaningttul to he Compileu.

TyPES
Tdentitiens Opetatots Constants String Special&
Keywords chosack

Keywords
Keqwod are he rsetved ords chich are use to

pextormGome specitic task

kequords az ho basi building block o progro

Statement
Al the keywords must be writ Lowercase letteu

e- Java Keyonds (S3) or jdk 1.

abstratt* byt han ontinu ohoublo

boolean Cas class def ault else

break cath Const

extends
 false
'toteafae stCictfp
final Super
native Switch
fLeet irdeperdent new 3synchce nize
mplemoots nul his
finaly
thtbw
Soat impou packe
PRive throos

goto
t
instanceoof pRotcetc
public
Retca
tru
40nsient

whl enum 5.0) Shont

Static voletl
Identifieu
Tdentities the Se delioed ames which rater

to the name of a vaniable, anray, tuoctions e

nsist of tcttcas CA-2 and a-7),
dentifieas aLe
underscone sjmbot (-) 3 dollan smbol)
digits Co-a),
wth a a Lettc o underscore sm bol ot dolla smbl
as tist choracte

Identitiets must not stai with digit

Whitc Spate must not be there in identiie

Keyoords co not be used aidentifiez

1 Ro
e- 1ax RoL
ro-no Roll. Mo x
Roll No-V
Rolltx

Operatorg

An operao iS a smbol which operates on operands

OperatoTu ae used 1o petioR cota athematica

a Prcoga
g Logical operations

TyPES
1 Acithmetic opeiaton 6 Conditional operotor

[Link] 7. Speeial
3 Logi cal
4 Asstgnnnt

[Link], Decxeament
1. Arithneti

Artithmetit
Operaiors
openalou orc used
to constrtttct e
he mathema.
mathemati.

Calexpressions.

Meanuni Examplc
Operato
Additio
5 +3 7

.
Substiactio 5-3 3

Multipicatio
5* 10 /51-2= -1
5/2 2 5.-2 1
sio
Divi
S7 -2 =-1
Modulus diisio 5/2 1 * 1S613 1

55 50
Jote ge Ar:thmeti 5 15
ohen both the operands pei a
ahmetic operation hen it kown as integen
au thmeti

5*3
Real Aithmetic
an aith
when both operca nds ant 9tcgRal type
in

meti opeia ion it's koown as anth etic.

S1 +3-1
Mixed mode Acithmetil
whe one o ahe opecnds is
inteeyPe anothe

s Fal type, it is
know as nixed Hpe mode authme

S 3-1

[Link] Operators

Rolational operatos at ustd to

compa betoean

operands.
QperatonA Meantns
Exampe
tess

Less
th0
than on egual to
53
S3CF)
C)
Gnaa ha S3 T)
3
Gnnatn han equel to
5>3 (T
F)
Dot eual to
53 T)
Result of opettenpression wher rrelationa opea
operaron
is sed is a Boolean Valu True on Fals)
[Link] Operaton,
Logical operrators at uSed to
to combine tolaional
erpress Tons
Mean i

T
Operato Exomple Result
Logical
AUD G)& C745) f
G (7<6)
NOT 5<7)
Not
A B A&&B A !B AAB
T
T

1 Asstqomen Opetaton
to avalue to
is
tesed as5
assi
Assignmeni perato
a vaiable.
e int
double
a= 5
b=7.2
float b- 7.3f,

Nott
with
Statemeni with shothon
Statement
a551geOpeato 551gaeN opetaton

a at1 at1
a a/b ; a b;

aa 3 a* 2R
a at(n*1) at nx1;
Temove
bra cket
the

VV op Exp op Exp
ilocrementOperato
sed add Ho ho
ncceament operaton is to 1 valtu

of a voiable
 ++a a+t
Post ocacment
Pae-locemen+
the valu 1 Fiest assij the

.
Incaease print
1 Fixst
valu
o4he vaiabte
Then incneasu ha val
[Link] piasiqn4he of he vadable 1 1

Yalue
e
att
ta /p: aS
int int a:5 e tnt

int b a41
int t+a
a
6 S
S)De ctemen4 Oper a10
ts ased to SubsAa ct 1 rom the Yalu of a va.

able

Pr DeeARmonE Post- DeeaO MROL

Finst demease he valu )Fis4 ptimassign tha
0 he
)
vaaiable by.1 value.

)hen print assiqn

he Thon doccease the valu
value.
a -5
int
e
int a5
Pa int
Q-
5

int b-a int

 [Link]
Exp1 ? Exp2 Exp 3

int a5 a:lo
int
b 7; intb:20
int C a>b )a :b inta<:b?atbx2 * b-a x 3 .

C: 50
p: C:7
Here,
the

a4e
exp3 wl
-he
Expiession-1
be
o/p of
will

evalua1cd
conditiona
be evaluaicd

its

exp
S
eSsion.
finst.
wil
Tf ttue
it's

be valu-

Othetwise Eap 3 will be evaluate & ids result willbe.

the o/P o conditiona ozpreSsion

[Link]. Opecatoa

Bit twise opetatoOs ace sed to peatorm 4he opena

tion a bit e vel .

OpeiatOA Meann-
Bitwise AND
OR
Ey ampl
int

int
c:axb; irtb7
b:7
alb; d-> 7
t int aS5

EXOR inte aAb

Compliment intf na,
Lest shifi with z0ro fi

7
int

Right shift with

Right shft with zeno fi int h Q>>>2S h

3. Spectal
Operators
Dot C) opeiaton
8 iostancoo} opeAAtO
nstanceof oposeton
This opeiatO 1S useo t atenin who the en 6je c
to a paticulo not
belnas

instanaof S T
T T
bje
 he
he 1he
De pending
on no. o opeLAnds peAaOA
cle ssifieinto folaroinj UPe
Pes
peAato
Bina

. Terna
opeseto
opeLcnd,it
"
when
's
calle
he operatoa, opestfs
uno
a

sing
at', att, a et.

.5ina opeLate wheo he ope tcton opecat¤s

opeicndi it's
calo bina
bina
abetc
)ena oesato
ope whe ihe opeca to n
opeictes 3
opeand it's calle 4A0 ay
ab2 a :b (conditimal operca to)

Dectston inJava
Stateeni
Switch case
1 stateme nts

.
[Link] istatements
ii. if-else stattments

(
Ladde else -if statements
iv.
Nes4ed fstatement Nested i-else sta4emens)
Simple if Statements
is ne-way conttol statement.
Synda fCconditton)
f
Stattment ;
e class A
static void
pablic main(tring angsl)
int [Link] Int (ogs to 1),

[Link] .printlo( lello)

.
3

i-else statcments
tis a [Link] contro. stateme ot
Suntaa: class A
iSCcondlition)
pubic static void main

Statement ing ags[j*

else
statement ;
3
eg clas A

pubie Statit oid maoString atgst 1)

int a:[Link] Int (axgsl));

if (aoo)

,[Link] to (Hello);
3

else

C" World
Systtm. [Link]ý

. Laddes else-it statement

lt is a multiway contto stattment
f(condition)

Statement
 else fConditien)

Statement
3
else

:
else if Ctondition)
Statement Statement;
3

e cass A

staie J)
publ void main(Sming acgsl

int
[Link] Int (angslo);

)
int
y [Link] Ini (angs[11):
int z:[Link] Cogsl]):
&&2>z

[Link] l "Gea+ numbe ="+a)

else if7z &8

3
S [Link]("Gaeatest numben"+ 1;
else

[Link] ln( Greatcs4 numbe="+z);

iv. Nested if (if -else) statements

Whe one
0hen i statement is
paeseni inside anothe
f Statement, it's koouon as nested f statcment.

Sntaa Ccondition) if
Cconditien)

fCcondition) if
Ccondition)

statement Statement
3
 else

statcmeot;

ctass A

static vord
pubtic mainStting acgsl)
int [Link] (ags(o1);
int

if
Cx>y)
if Ca2z)

[Link] ptint(nHello);
3

else

[Link] o Wor ld");

- Find a o. Gmo1 df tt s
Nested f f.
class A

publc statie OId mainning argsl1):

tt
int Z

[Link] ptintly CAt "is grcates ");

else if Cz>y)
[Link] nzt 'is grc
a*st
 else

[Link] (+ "is groates ");

Asstgnmcnt-3 11/01/2o23
1
Discuss about 3ava id CAals
a
oord
3. Oap to cs{ whethen tve R
is
not

Suwitch Case
Swtich Case 6taementa tis used to
ezecute cettan
task fre) multiple tosk to the
according congitioa

syotax
SwitchCExp)
class Color
Case valuai
puhit statie vcid
Statement mainung gsl)
break,
Case value
int P
[Link] Iot(a«gstol);
Statement B3woitch CP)
beeaks Case 1:

Cas valuun : System [Link]("Red');

break;
Stattment
buak
tase 2
defanlt Statenent; [Link] paintln(netn);
broak
3 ase 3
[Link] printly C"Bue'

defaut:[Link] "uh
 LOOPS
Lotps a used to exe cure the same
stateme e
again aain.
ecteAlie,
c Whtlo loop
In while loop. te
condition
Syota
whilcCcondt tton) wil be checked iast. -it f
is hen the conten G4
tue,
Statement
whle be
incte amentdecaeameot
ahe oop will ez
uotil the condition is
uteo
false.

Cii) Ddo while loop

Sgotax:
do
Sn do-whilc loop. its
conient
wilt
wilt be ozecuted onca intiaj
{
Statcment s
LL and then the condition
inciement deciement, wèll be f he
3while Cconditian) t200
checked.
s tue, then he
condi-
coten
of 1he do-whe loop will
be
be
exectcd cuntil the condition is

alse
(ii) for loop
Hntaz
for Ciniiializat ion; condition; increment/de cAement)

Statement;

In for
fo loop, the inittal:2ation,
and
contion incaemem/deca.
ement Statements Can be e presetcd above.

while Loop
class A

public static void

main(Sting axgsl 1)
Sirt a1
.while Ca<= 53
 stem. [Link] (a);
att

e)
class
do-while lsop
A

Puble
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pubtic void paint (Graphics K),

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 Applet Liecycle

Born
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Tdle
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desttoy )
paintC) Dead

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how &the applet is
he
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ae
aA
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.
meohoneo as tolle tos

3. Born Tnitiali sation Statc

slate
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De ad stak

1.- Bon/oitialisatioo state

entens into the

Apple Born St ate whon tt is finst
initiaized.

tis achieveobyinit() meihod of Applet,

class

Stat
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calls taatC) meahod of
Apple class

3 Tdle State

An applet enteis to the idle S1ate ho tis stop

pedfrum unni1
his is achieve.d whele celina
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TinTitriutrAt
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applet
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SmmemoRy.
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he applet te cycle deals with the methods

fola
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C1) pablic void ènit ()
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Stop
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.
his
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public void_ initC)

method is used
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to initialze an applet

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public vo dstact):
his me-thoo is used to Stat he exe cction of ao

applet

StatC) tS similaA. maun ) a stand-

alone
applicatio

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ajava similal statC) s used t bea:,

s
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is
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mize
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ts al caled when we chick maxi

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his method is sed to dkaw GUI Compone ts Sach

as butons abels, «c2d auca

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awt
java. packaga

pube void sto pl)

meihod is used to stop the. exeeeetion

ot an
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his
button

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mehos
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voiddestto)
is

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also called on onc oHhin he e yeef
applet

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pubLe cless A extods Applet

publc Void init()

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Graphics class
raphics cless is [Link] dra aeometrical Shapes
hapes

in the applet
class al
ane
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daawStint)
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i) draRe c+C his methocis used to

dtau rcectonle

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t Stands fon Absirac Windo Toolkit

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application
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wi ndow
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P mmens devel op based opplicati

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be uses
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pack
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applet
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Component

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Layout
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manage spec:dies Ccmpnents

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t helps
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Beetton 61 0ew Button "OK');

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add Cb1);
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n
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