Simple Java Program
This program will allow you to understand the layout to Java Programs:
// Text printing program
public class Welcome {
// main method begins execution of Java application
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
[Link]("Welcome to SUPCOM");
} // end method
} // end class Welcome
Compiling, and Executing a Java Program
Sun releases each version of J2SE with a Java Development Toolkit (JDK).
Figure1.1 ( process diagram)
Methods:
Syntax
[modifiers] data-type method-name ([parameter-declaration]) {…}
Calling a Method
When creating a method, you give a definition of what the method is supposed to do.
There are two types of methods void methods and value methods.
Void method example:
public static void printText () {
[Link]("Welcome to Java!");
}// end method
Value method example:
public static int add (int a, int b) {
return a+b;
}// end method
To use a method, you have to call or invoke it. There are two ways to call a method; the
choice is based on whether the method returns a value or not:
1. If the method returns void it should be called using a statement. For example,
method-name (passed-arguments);
We can call the above-mentioned void method using the following statement
printText();
2. If the method returns a value, a call to the method is usually treated as a
value. For example:
data-type variable-name = method-name (passed-arguments);
Calls method-name (passed-arguments) and assigns the result of the
method to the variable variable-name.
Another example of a call that is treated as a return-value is:
[Link](method-name(passed-arguments));
Which prints the return value of the method call method-name (passed-
arguments)
We can call the above-mentioned value method using the following
statements:
int result = add (5,8);
or
[Link](add (5,8));
Conditional Statements in Java
Check for certain conditions, for the program to make decision. You need if statement and
operators for expressing logic.
• Relational operators
x == y // x is equal to y
x != y // x is not equal to y
x>y // x is greater than y
x<y // x is less than y
x >= y // x is greater than or equal to y
x <= y // x is less than or equal to y
The result of a relational operator is one of two special values, true or false. These values
belong to the data type boolean; in fact, they are the only boolean values.
• Logical operators
Java has three logical operators: &&, ||, and !, which respectively stand for and, or,
and not. The results of these operators are similar to their meanings in English.
• Note: (=) is assignment operator, (==) is comparison operator
1. Single Condition
if (expression) {
statement(s);
}
2. Single Condition with else
if (expression) {
statement(s);
}
else {
statement(s);
}
3. Multiple conditions:
if (expression) {
statement(s);
}
else if (expression) {
statement(s);
}
else if (expression) {
statement(s);
}
else {
statement(s);
}
Control Structures (Loops):
1. while loop:
while (expression) {
Statement(s);
}
2. do-while loop:
do {
Statement(s);
} while (expression);
3. for loop :
for (initial-action; expression ;action-after-each-iteration) {
Statement(s);
}
Arrays
1. To use an array in a program, you must declare a variable to reference the array, and
you must specify the type of array the variable can reference.
dataType[ ] arrayName = new dataType[sizeOfAnArray];
dataType arrayName[ ] = new dataType[sizeOfAnArray];
Examples:
int [] counts = new int [10];
String[] names = {"Andersson", "Johansson", "Nordin",
"Holmgren"}
2. To pass an array to a method as a parameter you have to write the following:
modifiers data-type method-name (dataType [ ]arrayName) {…}
