OBJECTIVE
HOW TO DEFINE A FUNCTION
HOW TO CALL A FUNCTION
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
POSITIONAL
KEYWORD
VARIABLE LENGTH ARGUMENTS
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
LOCAL
GLOBAL
NONLOCAL
ANONYMOUS FUNCTION
(LAMBDA FUNCTION)
FUNCTION
FUNCTION IS A GROUP OF RELATED STATEMENTS THAT
PERFORM A SPECIFICTASK
FUNCTIONS HELP BREAK OUR PROGRAM INTO SMALLER
AND MODULAR CHUCKS
Functions in python are defined using the block keyword "def",
followed with the function's name as the block's name.
For example:
def my_fun():
print("GLA Online classes")
Functions may also receive arguments (variables passed from the
caller to the function. For example:
def my_fun_with_argv(name, msg):
print(f"Hello {name}, message for you {msg} ")
Functions may return a value to the caller, using the keyword-
'return' . For example:
def sum_two_num(a, b):
return a + b
DEFINING FUNCTION
Functions in python are defined using the block keyword "def"
def marks the start of function
function name touniquely
identify a function.
def function_name (parameter) :
Argument to pass a value in function
colon(:) to mark end of
function header
EXAMPLE OF FUNCTION
def prime_or_not(number):
for i in range(2, number):
if number % i == 0:
return False
else:
return True
# filer prime numbers
lst = [2, 4, 7, 3, 14, 9, 10, 67]
res = []
for n in lst:
if prime_or_not(n):
[Link](n)
print(res)
Output : [2, 7, 3, 67]
CALLING A FUNCTION
HOW TO CALL A FUNCTION?
Once we have defined a function, we can call it from
another function, program or even the Python prompt.
To call a function we simply type the function name
with appropriate parameters.
>>> prime_or_not(2)
>>>True
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FUNCTION IN PYTHON
BUILT-IN FUNCTION
Example: print(), input(), eval().
USERDEFINE FUNCTION
Example: def my_addition(x,y):
sum = x +y
return sum
THERE ARE 69 BUILT-IN FUNCTION VERSION3.8.2. CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO
UPDATEDVERSION.
DEFAULT
ARGUMENT
VARIABLE
FUNCTION
ARGUMENTS
POSITIONAL KEYWORD
ARGUMENTS ARGUMENT
DEFAULT ARGUMENTS
Default value to function argument is passed using
assignment operator ‘ = ‘.
Example:
def greet(name, msg = "Good morning!"):
print("Hello, " name + ', ' + msg)
Non-default argument cannot follow default argument
Example: def greet(msg = "Good morning!", name):
SyntaxError:
non-default argument follows default argument
KEYWORD ARGUMENTS
When we call a function with some values, these
values get assigned to the arguments according to their
position .
Keyword arguments follows positional argument.
EXAMPLE OF KEYWORD
ARGUMENT
greet(name = "Bruce",msg = "How do you do?")
2 keyword arguments
greet(msg = "How do you do?",name = "Bruce")
2 keyword arguments (out of order)
greet("Bruce",msg = "How do you do?")
1 positional, 1 keyword argument
greet(name="Bruce","How do youdo?")
SyntaxError:
non-keyword arg after keywordarg
ARBITRARY ARGUMENTS
(Variable length arguments)
If number of arguments unknown we use arbitrary
arguments
( * ) Asterisk before arguments define arbitrary arguments.
Example:
def greet(*names):
for name in names:
print("Hello",name)
>>>greet("Monica", "Luke", "Steve", "John")
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
• Global Variables
In Python, a variable declared outside of the function or in global
scope is known as global variable. This means, global variable
can be accessed inside or outside of the function.
Let's see an example on how a global variable is created in
Python.
Example 1: Create a Global Variable
x = "global "
def my_function():
print("x inside :", x)
foo()
print("x outside:", x)
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
• Local Variables
A variable declared inside the function's body or in the local
scope is known as local variable.
Example: Accessing local variable outside the scope
def my_function():
y = "local "
my_function()
print(y)
Output : NameError: name 'y' is not defined
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
• Global and local variables
Here, we will show how to use global variables and local
variables in the same code.
Example : Using Global and Local variables in same code
x = "global"
def function():
global x
y = "local"
x=x*2
print(x)
print(y)
Output:
function() global global
print(x) Local
global global
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
Example 5: Global variable and Local variable with same name
x=5
def function():
x = 10
print("local x:", x)
function()
print("global x:", x)
Output:
local x: 10
global x: 5
SCOPE OF VARIABLES
• Nonlocal Variables
Nonlocal variable are used in nested function whose local scope is not
defined. This means, the variable can be neither in the local nor the global
scope.
Let's see an example on how a global variable is created in Python.
We use nonlocal keyword to create nonlocal variable.
Example: Create a nonlocal variable
def outer():
x = "local"
def inner():
nonlocal x
x = "nonlocal"
print(" inner:", x)
inner() Output:
print("outer:", x) inner: nonlocal
outer() outer: nonlocal
ANONYMOUS
Function without functionname.
Function is defined using lambda keyword, hence
function is also called Lambdafunction.
Used for short period inpython.
Can have any number of arguments but only single
expression.
Specially used with built-in functions like filter(),
map() etc.
EXAMPLE OF LAMBDA
FUNCTION
1.
double = lambda x: x * 2
print(double(5))
2.
my_list = [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]
new_list = list(filter(lambda x: (x%2 == 0) , my_list))
print(new_list)
RESOURCES
[Link]
[Link]/python-programming
[Link]
[Link]
Practice Questions
1. Write a function to calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle.
2. Write a function to calculate area and circumference of a circle.
3. Write a function to calculate power of a number raised to other. E.g.- ab.
4. Write a function to tell user if he/she is able to vote or not.
( Consider minimum age of voting to be 18. )
5. Write a function to check if a number is even or not.
6. Write a function to check if a number is prime or not.
7. Write a function to find factorial of a number but also store the
factorials calculated in a dictionary as done in the Fibonacci series
example.
8. Write a Python program to detect the number of local variables declared
in a function
Link for MCQ questions
click here
THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY!
