Java + Spring Boot Complete Guide
(Chat Explanation)
Core Java Concepts
OOP Principles:
- Encapsulation: Combining data and behavior in a single class while hiding internal details.
- Inheritance: Acquiring fields and methods from another class using `extends`.
- Polymorphism: One interface, many implementations (method overloading and
overriding).
- Abstraction: Hiding internal logic using abstract classes or interfaces.
Static Keyword:
- Static Variable: Shared across all objects.
- Static Method: Belongs to the class; no object needed to invoke.
- Static Block: Runs when class is loaded.
- Static Class: A nested class that does not access outer class members.
Functional Interfaces and Lambda:
- An interface with one abstract method.
- Used with lambda expressions for functional-style programming.
Keywords:
- final: constant or cannot be overridden.
- this: reference to current object.
- super: reference to parent class.
Exception Handling:
- try-catch-finally blocks handle runtime errors gracefully.
Java 8 Streams:
- Functional operations on collections: map, filter, reduce, etc.
Multithreading:
- Run multiple threads concurrently using Thread or Runnable.
Access Modifiers:
- public, private, protected, default – define visibility of classes and members.
Spring Framework (Traditional)
Spring MVC Architecture:
- Client → DispatcherServlet → Controller → Service → DAO → ViewResolver → JSP/HTML
Key Files:
- [Link]: Configures DispatcherServlet.
- [Link]: Bean definitions, view resolver, component scan.
Important Annotations:
- @Controller: Defines controller classes.
- @Service, @Repository: Mark service and DAO layers.
Spring Boot
Spring Boot Features:
- Auto-configuration and embedded Tomcat server.
- Single entry point with @SpringBootApplication.
- REST APIs using @RestController + @RequestMapping/@GetMapping.
Spring Security, JWT, SHA
Spring Security:
- Adds login, authentication, and role-based access.
- Uses in-memory or custom user services.
JWT (JSON Web Token):
- Token-based authentication with encoded claims.
- Secure and stateless.
SHA Encryption:
- One-way hashing (e.g., SHA-256) for secure password storage.
JPA + PostgreSQL
Spring Data JPA:
- Define entity with @Entity and ID field.
- Repository extends JpaRepository<T, ID> for CRUD.
Database Config:
- Set datasource URL, username, password in [Link].
SQL & Joins
Basic SQL:
- SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are used for CRUD operations.
Joins:
- INNER JOIN: Matching rows from both tables.
- LEFT JOIN: All from left, matched from right.
Cloud Platforms
AWS: EC2, S3, RDS, ECS
Azure: App Service, Blob, AKS
GCP: Compute Engine, Cloud SQL, GKE
Used to host and scale Spring Boot apps.
Microservices
- Architecture where each service is independent.
- Communicates via REST APIs.
- Spring Cloud tools like Eureka, Config Server, and Gateway are used.
Testing & Deployment
JUnit:
- Unit testing with annotations like @Test, @BeforeEach.
Mockito:
- Mock dependencies for isolated testing.
CI/CD:
- GitHub Actions can automate build and tests on code push.
Docker:
- Containerize your app using Dockerfile and run it anywhere.
Kubernetes:
- Orchestrate multiple containers using Deployment and Service YAMLs.
