1. Python Program to Find the Square Root.

import math

# Function to calculate square root

def square_root(num):
return [Link](num)

# Example usage
number = float(input("Enter a number: "))
result = square_root(number)
print(f"The square root of {number} is {result}")
2. Using the exponentiation operator:
You can use the ** operator to raise a number to the power of 0.5 to get the square
root.

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# Function to calculate square root
def square_root(num):
return num ** 0.5

# Example usage
number = float(input("Enter a number: "))
result = square_root(number)
print(f"The square root of {number} is {result}")

2. Python Program to Swap Two Variables.

# Swapping using multiple assignment
def swap(a, b):
a, b = b, a
return a, b

# Example usage
x = int(input("Enter the value of x: "))
y = int(input("Enter the value of y: "))
x, y = swap(x, y)
print(f"After swapping: x = {x}, y = {y}")

3. Python Program to Generate a Random Number

import random

# Function to generate a random integer between a and b (inclusive)

def generate_random_integer(a, b):
return [Link](a, b)

# Example usage
lower = int(input("Enter the lower bound: "))
upper = int(input("Enter the upper bound: "))
random_number = generate_random_integer(lower, upper)
print(f"Random integer between {lower} and {upper} is: {random_number}")

4. Python Program to Check if a Number is Odd or Even.

# Function to check if the number is odd or even
def check_odd_even(number):
if number % 2 == 0:
return "Even"
else:
return "Odd"
# Example usage
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = check_odd_even(num)
print(f"The number {num} is {result}.")

5. Python Program to Find the Largest Among Three Numbers

# Function to find the largest among three numbers
def find_largest(a, b, c):
if a >= b and a >= c:
return a
elif b >= a and b >= c:
return b
else:
return c

# Example usage
num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter the third number: "))

largest = find_largest(num1, num2, num3)

print(f"The largest number among {num1}, {num2}, and {num3} is {largest}.")

6. Python Program to Check Prime Number.

# Function to check if a number is prime
def is_prime(num):
# Numbers less than 2 are not prime
if num < 2:
return False
# Check for factors from 2 to the square root of the number
for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True

# Example usage
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_prime(number):
print(f"{number} is a prime number.")
else:
print(f"{number} is not a prime number.")

Enter a number: 29
29 is a prime number.

Enter a number: 12
12 is not a prime number.

7. Python Program to Display the multiplication Table.

# Function to display the multiplication table for a given number
def multiplication_table(num, upto=10):
for i in range(1, upto + 1):
print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")

# Example usage
number = int(input("Enter a number to display its multiplication table: "))
multiplication_table(number)
Enter a number to display its multiplication table: 5
5 x 1 = 5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50

8. Python Program to Print the Fibonacci sequence

# Function to print Fibonacci sequence up to n terms
def fibonacci_sequence(n):
a, b = 0, 1 # Starting values of the sequence
count = 0
while count < n:
print(a, end=" ")
a, b = b, a + b # Update to the next term
count += 1

# Example usage
terms = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
if terms <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer.")
else:
print(f"Fibonacci sequence up to {terms} terms:")
fibonacci_sequence(terms)
Enter the number of terms: 10
Fibonacci sequence up to 10 terms:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

9. Python Program to Find the Sum of Natural Numbers.

# Function to calculate sum of natural numbers using the formula
def sum_of_natural_numbers(n):
return n * (n + 1) // 2

# Example usage
n = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))
if n <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer.")
else:
result = sum_of_natural_numbers(n)
print(f"The sum of the first {n} natural numbers is {result}.")
Enter a positive integer: 5

The sum of the first 5 natural numbers is 15.

10. Python Program to Find Factorial of Number Using Recursion
# Function to calculate factorial using recursion
def factorial(n):
# Base case: factorial of 0 or 1 is 1
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
# Recursive case: n * factorial of (n-1)
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

# Example usage
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if number < 0:
print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
else:
result = factorial(number)
print(f"The factorial of {number} is {result}.")
Enter a number: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120.

I l. Python Program to work with string methods.

# Function to demonstrate various string methods
def string_methods_demo(s):
print(f"Original String: '{s}'")

# 1. Convert to uppercase
print(f"Uppercase: '{[Link]()}'")

# 2. Convert to lowercase
print(f"Lowercase: '{[Link]()}'")

# 3. Capitalize the first letter

print(f"Capitalize: '{[Link]()}'")

# 4. Title case (capitalize the first letter of each word)

print(f"Title Case: '{[Link]()}'")

# 5. Strip leading and trailing whitespace

print(f"Stripped: '{[Link]()}'")

# 6. Replace a substring
old_substring = "old"
new_substring = "new"
print(f"Replace '{old_substring}' with '{new_substring}':
'{[Link](old_substring, new_substring)}'")

# 7. Find the position of a substring

substring = "find"
print(f"Find '{substring}': {[Link](substring)}")

# 8. Split the string into a list of substrings

delimiter = " "
print(f"Split by '{delimiter}': {[Link](delimiter)}")

# 9. Join a list of substrings into a single string

words = ["join", "these", "words"]
print(f"Join with '-': '{'-'.join(words)}'")

# 10. Check if the string is alphanumeric

print(f"Is Alphanumeric: {[Link]()}")

# 11. Check if the string is alphabetic

print(f"Is Alphabetic: {[Link]()}")

# 12. Check if the string is numeric

print(f"Is Numeric: {[Link]()}")

# Example usage
example_string = " Example string for string methods demo. "
string_methods_demo(example_string)
Explanation of Methods:
upper(): Converts all characters in the string to uppercase.
lower(): Converts all characters in the string to lowercase.
capitalize(): Capitalizes the first character of the string.
title(): Capitalizes the first character of each word in the string.
strip(): Removes leading and trailing whitespace from the string.
replace(old, new): Replaces occurrences of the substring old with new.
find(substring): Finds the first occurrence of substring and returns its index.
Returns -1 if not found.
split(delimiter): Splits the string into a list of substrings based on the
delimiter.
join(iterable): Joins the elements of an iterable (e.g., list) into a single
string, separated by the string on which join is called.
isalnum(): Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric (letters
and numbers) and there is at least one character.
isalpha(): Returns True if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is
at least one character.
isdigit(): Returns True if all characters in the string are digits and there is at
least one character.
Example Output:
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Original String: ' Example string for string methods demo. '
Uppercase: ' EXAMPLE STRING FOR STRING METHODS DEMO. '
Lowercase: ' example string for string methods demo. '
Capitalize: ' example string for string methods demo. '
Title Case: ' Example String For String Methods Demo. '
Stripped: 'Example string for string methods demo.'
Replace 'old' with 'new': ' Example string for string methods demo. '
Find 'find': 26
Split by ' ': ['Example', 'string', 'for', 'string', 'methods', 'demo.']
Join with '-': 'join-these-words'
Is Alphanumeric: False
Is Alphabetic: False
Is Numeric: False

12. Python Program to create a dictionary and print its content.

# Function to create and print a dictionary
def create_and_print_dictionary():
# Create a dictionary with some key-value pairs
my_dict = {
"name": "Alice",
"age": 30,
"city": "New York",
"occupation": "Engineer"
}

# Print the entire dictionary

print("Dictionary contents:")
for key, value in my_dict.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")

# Example usage
create_and_print_dictionary()

Example Output:
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Dictionary contents:
name: Alice
age: 30
city: New York
occupation: Engineer

13. Python Program to create class and objects.

# Define a class named Person
class Person:
# Constructor to initialize the attributes
def __init__(self, name, age, city):
[Link] = name
[Link] = age
[Link] = city

# Method to display person details

def display_info(self):
print(f"Name: {[Link]}")
print(f"Age: {[Link]}")
print(f"City: {[Link]}")

# Method to celebrate birthday

def celebrate_birthday(self):
[Link] += 1
print(f"Happy Birthday, {[Link]}! You are now {[Link]} years old.")

# Create objects (instances) of the Person class

person1 = Person("Alice", 30, "New York")
person2 = Person("Bob", 25, "Los Angeles")

# Display information for person1

print("Person 1 details:")
person1.display_info()
print()

# Celebrate birthday for person1 and display updated info

person1.celebrate_birthday()
person1.display_info()
print()

# Display information for person2

print("Person 2 details:")
person2.display_info()

Example Output:
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Person 1 details:
Name: Alice
Age: 30
City: New York

Happy Birthday, Alice! You are now 31 years old.

Name: Alice
Age: 31
City: New York

Person 2 details:
Name: Bob
Age: 25
City: Los Angeles