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Introduction of HTML/CSS/JS
What is HTML?
●HTML is a language for describing web pages.
●HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
●HTML is a markup language
●A markup language is a set of markup tags
●The tags describe document content
●HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
●HTML documents are also called web pages
HTML Tags
●HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
●HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
●HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
●The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
●The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
●Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing
tags<tagname>content</tagname>
• Basic HTML page structure
Click to add text
Example
Lists In HTML
▪ <ul>
<li>Coffee</li> <ul> Defines an unordered
<li>Tea</li> list
<li>Milk</li>
z </ul> <ol> Defines an ordered list
▪ <ol> <li> Defines a list item
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
<dl> Defines a description list
</ol>
<dt> Defines a term in a
▪ <dl> description list
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt> <dd> Describes the term in a
description list
<dd>- white cold
drink</dd>
</dl>
HTML Comments
• HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your HTML
source code.
• Syntax : <!-- Write your comments here -->
HTML Links
• HTML links are hyperlinks. You can click on a link and jump to another document.
Syntax :
• <a href="url">link text</a>
• <img src="[Link]" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
HTML Block And Inline Elements
• A block-level element always starts on a new line & always takes up the full width available.
• An inline element does not start on a new line & only takes up as much width as necessary.
HTML Classes And Id
The HTML class attribute is used to specify a
class for an HTML element. Multiple HTML
elements can share the same class. To create
a class; write a period (.) character, followed by
a class name
The HTML id attribute is used to specify a
unique id for an HTML element.
You cannot have more than one element with
the same id in an HTML document.
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HTML Semantic
Elements
▪A semantic element clearly
describes its meaning to both
the browser and the
developer.
▪Examples
of semantic elements:
▪<form>, <table>,
and <article> - Clearly defines
its content.
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CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
●Styles define how to display HTML elements
●Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a
What is CSS? problem
●External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
●External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
●A CSS (cascading style sheet) file allows to
separate web sites HTML content from it’s style.
How to use CSS?
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
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▪External Style Sheet: An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied
to many pages.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="[Link]">
</head>
▪Internal Style Sheet: An internal style sheet should be used when a single
document has a unique style.
<head>
<style>
p {margin-left:20px;}
body{background-image:url("images/[Link]");
}
</style>
</head>
• Inline Styles: To use inline styles use the style attribute in the
relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
<p style="color:#fafafa;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>
Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One:Cascading order
1. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
2. Internal style sheet (in the head section)
3. External style sheet
CSS Syntax: A CSS rule has two main parts: a
selector, and one or more declarations:
Combining Selectors
{
color: #009900;
font-family: Georgia, sans-serif;
}
The id Selector
The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element.
The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is
defined with a "#".
Syntax
#selector-id {
property : value ;
}
The class Selector
The class selector is used to specify
a style for a group of elements. The class
selector uses the HTML class attribute,
and is defined with a "."
Syntax
.selector-class
{
property : value ;
}
CSS Anchors, Links and Pseudo Classes:
Below are the various ways you can use CSS to
style links.
a:link {color: #009900;}
a:visited {color: #999999;}
a:hover {color: #333333;}
a:active {color: #009900;}
The CSS Box Model
●All HTML elements can be considered as boxes. In CSS, the term "box model" is
used when talking about design and layout.
●The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around HTML elements, and it
consists of: margins, borders, padding, and the actual content.
●The box model allows to place a border around elements and space elements in
relation to other elements.
Click to add text
Example
z What is JavaScript
▪ ●JavaScript is a Scripting Language
▪ ●A scripting language is a lightweight programming
language.
▪ ●JavaScript is programming code that can be
inserted into HTML pages.
▪ ●JavaScript inserted into HTML pages, can be
executed by all modern web browsers.
How to use JavaScript?
The <script> Tag To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, use the <script> tag.
The <script> and </script> tells where the JavaScript starts and ends.
<script>
alert("My First JavaScript");
</script>
JavaScript in<body>
<html>
<body>
<script>
[Link]("<h1>This is a heading</h1>");
</script>
</body>
</html>
External JavaScripts
Scripts can also be placed in external files. External files often contain code to be used by
several different web pages. External JavaScript files have the file extension .[Link] use an
external script, point to the .js file in the "src" attribute of the <script> tag:
<html>
<body>
<script src="[Link]">
</script>
</body>
</html>
z The HTML DOM (Document Object Model)
▪ When a web page is loaded, the
browser creates a Document Object
Model of the page. The HTML DOM
model is constructed as a tree of
Objects:
Finding HTML Elements by Id
• [Link]("<id-name>");
Finding HTML Elements by Tag Name
• [Link]("<tag>");
Finding HTML Elements by Name
• [Link](“<name-attr>”);
Finding HTML Elements by Class
• [Link](“<class-name>”);
Writing Into HTML Output
• [Link]("<h1>This is a heading</h1>");
• [Link]("<p>This is a paragraph</p>");
Reacting to Events
• <button type="button" Me!</button>
Changing HTML Content
Using JavaScript to manipulate the content of HTML elements is a very powerful
functionality.
• x=[Link]("demo") //Find the element
• [Link]="Hello JavaScript"; //Change the content
Changing HTML Styles
Changing the style of an HTML element, is a variant of
changing an HTML attribute.
• x=[Link]("demo") //Find the
element
• [Link]="#ff0000"; //Change the style
Validate Input
JavaScript is commonly used to validate input.
• if isNaN(x) {alert("Not Numeric")};
z THANK YOU
