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Java Tutorial

This Java tutorial has been written for beginners to advanced programmers who are striving to learn
Java programming. We have provided numerous practical examples to explain the concepts in
simple and easy steps. This tutorial has been prepared and reviewed by experienced Java
programmers at Tutorials Point, and the best effort has been put into making it useful for the
students and Java developers.

After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in Java
programming, from where you can elevate yourself to the next levels.

What is Java?
Java is a popular high-level,object-oriented programming language that was originally developed by
Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Currently, Java is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion
devices run Java. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various
versions ofUNIX. Today Java is being used to develop numerous types of software applications,
including desktop apps, mobile apps, web apps, games, and much more.

Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers Write

Once, Run Anywhere (WORA). This means that compiled Java code can run on all

platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.

In this tutorial, you will learn everything about Java, starting from basics to advanced concepts such
as overview, history, installations, basic input/output, conditional & control statements, arrays,
classes, inheritances, method overloading & overriding, exception handling, and many more.

Java First Example

The first example in Java is to print "Hello, World!" on the screen. Let's have a quick look at the first
examples in Java programming:
 public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
*/

public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
}
}

Getting Started with Java

Explore the following chapters to get started learning Java programming:

Java - Home
Java - Overview
Java - History
Java - Features
Java Vs. C++
JVM - Java Virtual Machine
Java - JDK vs JRE vs JVM
Java - Hello World Program
Java - Environment Setup
Java - Basic Syntax

Java Basics
Explore the basic topics such as data types, operators, user input, etc.:

Java - Variable Types

Java - Data Types
Java - Type Casting
Java - Unicode System
Java - Basic Operators
Java - Comments
Java - User Input
Java - Date & Time

Java Conditional Statements

Furthermore, in Java, explore the conditional statements to implement the logic and to make
decisions based on the conditions:

Java - Decision Making

Java - If-else
Java - Switch

Java Loops and Control Statements

Explore the loops and control statements to learn how to control the execution of the programming
logics:

Java - Loop Control

Java - For Loops
Java - For-Each Loops
Java - While Loops
Java - do-while Loops
Java - Break
Java - Continue

Java String and Arrays

Explore the following strings and array-related chapters:

Java Strings and String Class

Java - Strings

Java OOPs
Explore the following chapters to learn the object-oriented programming approach in Java:

Java - OOPs Concepts

Java - Object & Classes
Java - Class Attributes
Java - Class Methods
Java - Methods
Java - Variables Scope
Java - Constructors
Java - Access Modifiers
Java - Inheritance
Java - Aggregation
Java - Polymorphism
 Java - Overriding
Java - Method Overloading
Java - Dynamic Binding
Java - Static Binding
Java - Instance Initializer Block
Java - Abstraction
Java - Encapsulation

Java Collections and Interfaces

Explore Java interfaces and collections-related chapters:

Java - Interfaces
Java - List Interface
Java - Queue Interface
Java - Map Interface
Java - SortedMap Interface
Java - Set Interface
Java - SortedSet Interface
Java - Iterators
Java - Comparators
Java - Comparable Interface in Java
Java - Collections
Java - Collection Interface

Java Exceptional Handling

Explore the file handling chapters to learn how to create, write, read, and manipulate the files and
directories:

Java - Files
Java - Create a File
Java - Write to File
Java - Read Files
Java - Delete Files
Java - Directories
Java - I/O Streams

Java Multithreading
Explore the threading-related chapters to learn to manage multiple threads in Java:

Java - Multithreading
Java - Thread Life Cycle
 Java - Creating a Thread
Java - Starting a Thread
Java - Joining Threads
Java - Naming Thread
Java - Thread Scheduler
Java - Thread Pools
Java - Main Thread
Java - Thread Priority
Java - Daemon Threads
Java - Thread Group
Java - Shutdown Hook

Java Practices
Java Quick Guide
Java Interview Questions
Java 8 Interview Questions
Java Online Test
Java Mock Test

Java References
Here, you can find the package, class, and method references −

Java Scanner Class

Java Arrays Class
Java Strings Class
Java Date Class
Java ArrayList Class
Java Vector Class
Java Stack Class
Java PriorityQueue Class
Java LinkedList Class
Java ArrayDeque Class
Java HashMap Class
Java LinkedHashMap Class
Java WeakHashMap Class
Java EnumMap Class
Java TreeMap Class
Java IdentityHashMap Class
Java HashSet Class
Java EnumSet Class
Java LinkedHashSet Class
Java TreeSet Class
 Java BitSet Class
Java Dictionary Class
Java Hashtable Class
Java Properties Class
Java Collection Class
Java Array Class

Online Java Compiler

Our Java programming tutorial provides various examples to explain the concepts. To compile and
execute the given Java programming examples in your browser itself, we have provided Online Java
Compiler. You can edit and run almost all the examples directly from your browser without the need

to set up your development environment.

Try to click the icon to run the following Java code to print conventional "Hello, World!" using
Java Programming.

Below code box allows you to change the value of the code. So, please try to change the value inside
println() and run it again to verify the result.

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

/* This is my first java program.

* This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
*/

public static void main(String []args) {

[Link]("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
}
}

Java Features
Java is a feature-rich language. Java is evolving continuously with every update, and updates are
coming every six months. Following are some of the main features of the Java language:

Object Oriented: Java is a pure object-oriented language, and everything in Java is an object.
Java supports OOPS principles like Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Classes , and
 so on. Java itself can be extended as well, being based on an object model.
Platform Independent: Java code is platform independent. A Java code is not compiled into
machine-specific code; it is compiled into a platform-neutral byte code. This byte code is
executed by JVM which runs the code on the underlying platform. This capability makes Java
a Write Once Run Anywhere language.
Easy To Learn: Java inherits features from C and C++, and developers can easily learn Java if
they know any of the C or C++ languages. Even for someone new to computer languages,
Java is very easy to learn from scratch.
Secure: Java is secure by architecture. A developer is not required to directly interact with the
underlying memory or operating system. Java provides automatic garbage collection, so
developers are not required to worry about memory leaks, management, etc.
Architectural-Neutral: Java byte code can be executed on any kind of processor. JRE
automatically handles the code execution on different types of processors.
Portable: A Java code written on a Windows machine can be executed without any code
change on MacOS and vice versa. There is no need to make any operating system-specific
code changes.
Robust: Java is a very robust language with very strong compile-time error checks, strict type
checking, and runtime exception handling.
Multithreading: Java provides inbuilt support for multiprocessing and multithreading. Java
provides thread handling, monitors, deadlock handling, racing conditions, etc.
High Performance: Java, although being interpreted, is still very performant. The JIT(Just In
Time) compilerhelps in improving performance.
Distributed: Java is designed for distributed systems and is the most popular language for
developing internet-based applications as the internet is a distributed environment.

Java Applications
Since Java supports object-oriented features and is platform-independent, it is extensively used in
various fields. Listed below are a few areas where Java is used -

Enterprise solutions
Game development
Secured web development
Embedded systems
Mobile application development
Big Data Applications, and many more.

Java Platforms (Editions)

Platforms of Java are divided into four Java editions, which are −
 Java SE (Java Standard Edition): It is a standard edition that is used to develop and deploy
portable code for desktop and server environments.
Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It is an enterprise edition that is used to develop web
applications.
Java ME (Java Micro Edition): J2ME is used to develop mobile applications; it is a micro
edition of Java.
JavaFx: It is used to develop lightweight user interfaces for rich internet applications.

Java Jobs & Opportunities

Java is very in demand, and all the major companies are recruiting Java programmers to develop
their desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Today, a Java programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $120,000 in an in an
annual package, and this is the most demanding programming language in America. Though it can
vary depending on the location of the job. Following are the great companies that are using Java and
they need good Java programmers:

Google
Microsoft
Facebook
IBM
Amazon
Netflix
Pinterest
Uber
JetBrains
Many more...

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We have developed
great learning material for Java that will help you prepare for the technical interviews and
certification exams based on Java. So, start learning Java using this simple and effective tutorial
from anywhere and anytime, absolutely at your pace.

Why to Learn Java?

Java is a MUST to learn programming language for students and working professionals to become a
great software engineer, especially when they are working in the software development domain. If
you will conduct a survey about the best programming language around, Java is sure to come up.
Java is a fairly easy programming language to learn, so if you are starting to learn any programming
language, then Java could be your great choice. There's also plenty of Java tools that make it easy
for developers and beginners to use. There are many other good reasons that make Java the first
choice of any programmer:

Java is open source, which means it's available free of cost.

Java is simple and so easy to learn.
Java is much in demand and ensures a high salary.
Java has a large, vibrant community.
Java has powerful development tools.
Java is platform-independent.

Who should Learn Java

This Java tutorial will help both students as well as working professionals who want to develop
applications using Java technologies like banking systems, support systems, information systems,
websites, mobile apps, personal blogs, etc. We recommend reading this tutorial in the sequence
listed in the left-side menu.

Today, Java is one of the most demanding programming languages, and so it has become an
essential language to learn for anyone involved in the software application development process,
including software developers, software designers, project managers, etc.

Prerequisites to Learn Java

Though we have tried our best to present the Core Java concepts in a simple and easy way, still,
before you start learning Java, it is assumed that the readers have a reasonable exposure to any
programming environment and knowledge of basic concepts such as variables, commands, syntax,
etc.

Learn Java by Examples

This tutorial provides a set of Java examples. Practice these examples to learn the Java concepts
better: Java Examples

Java Online Quizzes

This Java tutorial helps you prepare for technical interviews and certification exams. We have
provided various quizzes and assignments to check your learning level. Given quizzes have multiple-
choice types of questions and their answers with short explanations.
Following is a sample quiz; try to attempt any of the given answers:

Q 1 - The Java programming language was developed by which of the following :

A - Google in 1990s

B - Micorsoft in 1980s

C - Sun Microsystems in 1995

D - None of the Above

Answer : C

Explanation
Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and it was released in May
1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.

Start your online quiz Start Java Quiz.

Download Java
Java's latest version can be downloaded from Oracle's official website: Java Downloads

Java Certification
Get certified in Java to boost your skills and career
Get certified

Frequently Asked Questions about Java Tutorial

There are some important frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Java Programming tutorial, this
section lists them down along with their answers briefly - −

1. What are the 4 important concepts in Java?

 Java supports abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These are 4

major theoretical principles of object-oriented programming. But Java also works with

three further OOP concepts: association, aggregation, and composition.

2. What are the benefits of Java?

Java is free and open source

Java is community driven and has expert leadership
Java is fast and high-performance
Java is easy to learn
Java is statically typed
Java is object-oriented
Java supports functional programming

3. How much time will it take to learn Java?

Learning style and dedication to the amount of time you can spend each day affect a lot.

However, on average, it takes around 6 to 12 months to learn Java programming.

4. Why is Java a so popular programming language?

The Java language is easily extensible because it is based on an object model. Platform-

dependent. Unlike many other programming languages, Java is compiled, not into a

platform-dependent machine but into platform-independent byte code.

5. What are the advantages of Java over Python?

Python and Java are two of the most popular programming languages among software

programmers. Java is generally faster and more efficient than Python because it is a
 compiled language, whereas Python is an interpreted language and has simpler, more

concise syntax than Java.

6. How do I start learning Java?

Here is the summarized list of tips that you can follow to start learning Java:

First and most important is to make your mind to learn Java.

Install Java Virtual Machine and Java Compilers on your computer system.
Follow our tutorial step by step, starting from the very beginning.
Read more articles, watch online courses, or buy a book on Java to enhance your
knowledge in Java.
Try to develop small software using Java and other technologies like MySQL if you
want to make use of a database.

7. What are Java Technologies for Web Applications?

Java provides the following technologies to help web development:

Java Servlet API.

JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library.
JavaServer Faces Technology.
Java Message Service API.
JDBC API.
Java Persistence API.
Java Naming and Directory Interface.
NetBeans IDE.

8. Which is the best place to learn Java?

You can use our simple and the best Java tutorial to learn Java and Advanced Java. We

have removed all the unnecessary complexity while teaching you Java concepts. You can

start learning it now Start Learning Java.