JavaScript Basics – Arrays, Objects, Strings,
Numbers
I. Variables and Data Types
■ JavaScript variables can hold different data types: string, number, boolean, object, array, etc.
let name = "Mike"; // String
let age = 21; // Number
let active = true; // Boolean
let person = {name: "Mike", age: 21}; // Object
let scores = [80, 90, 100]; // Array
II. Strings
Function / Property Example Description
length [Link] Returns string length.
toUpperCase() [Link]() Converts to uppercase.
toLowerCase() [Link]() Converts to lowercase.
includes() [Link]('word') Checks if contains substring.
indexOf() [Link]('a') Returns index of substring.
slice() [Link](0,3) Extracts part of string.
substring() [Link](2,5) Extracts characters between indexes.
replace() [Link]('a','b') Replaces first match.
split() [Link](',') Splits string into array.
trim() [Link]() Removes whitespace.
III. Numbers
Function / Property Example Description
toFixed() [Link](2) Rounds to given decimals.
toString() [Link]() Converts number to string.
parseInt() parseInt('10') Converts string to integer.
parseFloat() parseFloat('10.5') Converts string to float.
isNaN() isNaN(value) Checks if value is NaN.
[Link]() [Link](4.6) Rounds to nearest integer.
[Link]() [Link](4.6) Rounds down.
[Link]() [Link](4.1) Rounds up.
[Link]() [Link]() Returns random number 0–1.
[Link]() [Link](1,5,3) Returns largest number.
IV. Arrays
Method Example Description
push() [Link](5) Adds to end.
pop() [Link]() Removes last element.
shift() [Link]() Removes first element.
unshift() [Link](1) Adds to start.
concat() [Link](arr2) Merges arrays.
join() [Link](',') Joins elements into string.
slice() [Link](1,3) Copies part of array.
splice() [Link](1,2) Removes/replaces elements.
indexOf() [Link](3) Finds position of value.
includes() [Link](4) Checks if contains value.
map() [Link](x=>x*2) Returns new array by mapping.
filter() [Link](x=>x>5) Filters array elements.
reduce() [Link]((a,b)=>a+b) Reduces array to one value.
forEach() [Link](x=>[Link](x)) Loops through elements.
V. Objects
let user = {name: "Mike", age: 21};
[Link]; // Access property
user["age"]; // Bracket access
[Link] = "Developer"; // Add property
delete [Link]; // Remove property
[Link](user); // Get keys
[Link](user); // Get values
[Link](user); // Get key-value pairs
VI. Loops
for(let i=0; i<5; i++){ [Link](i); }
for(let key in obj){ [Link](key, obj[key]); }
for(let val of arr){ [Link](val); }
[Link](v => [Link](v));
VII. Solved Examples
Example 1: Find the sum of all numbers in an array.
let arr = [1,2,3,4];
let sum = [Link]((a,b)=>a+b);
[Link](sum); // 10
Example 2: Count vowels in a string.
let str = "Hello World";
let vowels = [Link]().split('').filter(c=>'aeiou'.includes(c)).length;
[Link](vowels);
Example 3: Create and print object details.
let car = {brand: "BMW", model: "X5", year: 2023};
for(let key in car){ [Link](key + ": " + car[key]); }
VIII. Exercises
1. Reverse a string without using reverse().
2. Find the largest number in an array.
3. Create an object with student grades and calculate the average.
4. Replace all spaces in a string with '-'.
5. Use filter() to get even numbers from an array.
