MODULE–III : JAVASCRIPT COMPLETE DETAILED NOTES

WITH ALL TOPICS & EXAMPLES

1. Introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript is a high-level scripting language used for frontend web development.

It makes websites interactive and dynamic.

JavaScript is mainly used for:

• Form validation
• Popup messages
• Dynamic content
• Games
• Calculator
• Animation
• Event handling

JavaScript works together with:

• HTML → Structure
• CSS → Design
• JavaScript → Functionality

Example:
<script>
alert("Welcome to JavaScript");
</script>

2. JavaScript Basics

JavaScript code can be written in two ways:

1. Internal JavaScript
2. External JavaScript

Internal JavaScript Example:

<script>
[Link]("Hello");
</script>

External JavaScript

External JavaScript is written in separate .js file.

Example:
<script src="[Link]"></script>

3. Keywords
Keywords are reserved words having special meaning in JavaScript.

Common Keywords:
• var
• let
• const
• if
• else
• switch
• while
• for
• break
• continue
• function
• return

Example:
let age = 20;

4. Identifiers

Identifiers are names given to variables, functions, arrays, and objects.

Rules of Identifiers:
• Cannot start with number
• Spaces are not allowed
• Special symbols not allowed except _ and $
• JavaScript is case-sensitive

Correct Identifiers:
• studentName
• age
• marks1

Wrong Identifiers:
• 1name
• my name
let studentName = "Rahul";

5. Datatypes

Datatype tells the type of value stored inside variable.

Main Datatypes:

1. Number
Example:
let x = 10;

String Datatype
String stores text values.

Example:
let name = "Rahul";

Boolean Datatype

Boolean stores true or false values.

Example:
let isPass = true;

Undefined Datatype

Undefined means value is not assigned.

Example:
let a;

Null Datatype

Null means empty value.

Example:
let b = null;

Object Datatype

Object stores data in key-value pair.

Example:
let student = {
name: "Ram",
age: 20
};

6. Variables and Constants

Variables are containers used to store data.

JavaScript provides:
• var
• let
• const
let:
• Modern way
• Value can change

const:
• Constant value
• Cannot be changed

var:
• Old method
• Function scope
let age = 20;
const pi = 3.14;
var city = "Delhi";

Difference between var, let and const

Main differences are:

• var allows redeclaration

• let does not allow redeclaration
• const cannot be reassigned
var x = 10;
let y = 20;
const z = 30;

7. Operators

Operators are symbols used to perform operations.

Types of Operators:
1. Arithmetic
2. Comparison
3. Logical
4. Assignment
let a = 10;
let b = 5;

[Link](a+b);
[Link](a-b);

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations.

Operators:
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
let x = 10;
let y = 3;

[Link](x % y);

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values.

Operators:
==
===
!=
>
<
>=
<=
[Link](5=="5");
[Link](5==="5");

Logical Operators

Logical operators combine conditions.

Operators:
&& AND
|| OR
! NOT
let age = 20;

if(age > 18 && age < 60){

[Link]("Valid");
}

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values.

Examples:
=
+=
-=
*=
/=
let x = 5;
x += 2;

8. Decision Making Statements

Decision making statements are used to execute code based on conditions.

Types:
• if
• if-else
• nested if
• else-if ladder
• switch
let age = 18;

if(age >= 18){

[Link]("Adult");
}

if-else Statement

if-else is used when there are two conditions.

Example:
let age = 15;

if(age >= 18){

[Link]("Adult");
}
else{
[Link]("Minor");
}

Nested if Statement

Nested if means if statement inside another if statement.

Example:
let age = 20;
let citizen = true;

if(age >= 18){

if(citizen){
[Link]("Eligible");
}
}

Else-if Ladder

Else-if ladder is used for multiple conditions.

Example:
let marks = 75;

if(marks >= 90){

[Link]("A");
}
else if(marks >= 70){
[Link]("B");
}
else{
 [Link]("C");
}

Switch Case

Switch is alternative of multiple else-if statements.

Example:
let day = 2;

switch(day){

case 1:
[Link]("Monday");
break;

case 2:
[Link]("Tuesday");
break;

default:
[Link]("Invalid");
}

9. Iteration Statements or Loops

Loops repeat code multiple times.

Types:
• for loop
• while loop
• do-while loop
• for...of loop
• for...in loop
for(let i=1; i<=5; i++){
[Link](i);
}

for Loop

for loop is used when number of repetitions is known.

Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
for(let i=1; i<=5; i++){
[Link](i);
}

while Loop

while loop checks condition before execution.

Example:
 let i = 1;

while(i <= 5){

[Link](i);
i++;
}

do-while Loop

do-while loop executes at least one time.

Example:
let i = 1;

do{
[Link](i);
i++;
}
while(i<=5);

Difference between while and do-while

while loop:
• Condition checked first
• May not execute

do-while loop:
• Executes at least once
• Condition checked later
let i = 1;

for...of Loop

for...of loop is used for arrays and strings.

Example:
let arr = [10,20,30];

for(let value of arr){

[Link](value);
}

for...in Loop

for...in loop is used for object properties.

Example:
let student = {
name:"Ram",
age:20
};
for(let key in student){
 [Link](key);
}

10. Jump Statements

Jump statements control loop execution.

Types:
• break
• continue
for(let i=1; i<=5; i++){
[Link](i);
}

break Statement

break statement stops loop immediately.

Example:
for(let i=1; i<=5; i++){

if(i==3){
break;
}

[Link](i);
}

continue Statement

continue skips current iteration.

Example:
for(let i=1; i<=5; i++){

if(i==3){
continue;
}

[Link](i);
}

11. Comments in JavaScript

Comments are used to explain code.

Types:
1. Single-line comment
2. Multi-line comment
// Single-line comment

/*
Multi-line
 comment
*/

12. Input and Output in JavaScript

JavaScript provides methods for input and output.

Output Methods:
• [Link]()
• alert()
• [Link]()

Input Method:
• prompt()
let name = prompt("Enter your name");

alert(name);

13. Important Interview and Exam Questions

Difference between == and ===

==
• Checks value only

===
• Checks value and datatype
5 == "5" // true
5 === "5" // false

Difference between let and const

let:
• Value can change

const:
• Value cannot change
let age = 20;
const pi = 3.14;

Features of JavaScript

Main Features:
• Lightweight
• Fast
• Interpreted language
• Platform independent
• Dynamic typing
• Object-oriented
 [Link]("JavaScript Features");

Real Life Example

Login Example using if-else statement:

let password = "1234";

if(password == "1234"){
[Link]("Login Success");
}
else{
[Link]("Wrong Password");
}

Summary

Module–III explains complete basics of JavaScript including:

• Variables
• Datatypes
• Operators
• Conditions
• Loops
• Switch case
• Break and continue
• Input and output
• Important interview questions

These concepts are the foundation of frontend web development and JavaScript programming.
[Link]("Module Completed");