Java Networking and JDBC

Introduction to Java Networking

Java Networking enables communication between two or more computing devices using Java programs. It
allows applications to exchange data over networks such as LAN, WAN, or the Internet.

Features of Java Networking

Platform independent communication
Supports distributed applications
Secure communication
Supports TCP and UDP protocols
Provides APIs for network programming

Client-Server Model
The client-server model is a communication architecture where:

Client
Requests services or data.

Server
Provides requested services or data.

Working of Client-Server Model

Client Request → Server → Response to Client
Examples
Web browser and web server
ATM and banking server
Email applications
Advantages
Centralized data management
Better security
Easy maintenance
Important Terms
Term Description
IP Address Unique address of device
Port Number Logical communication endpoint
Protocol Rules for communication
Socket Programming
Introduction

Socket programming is used for communication between client and server applications.

What is Socket?
A socket is an endpoint for sending and receiving data across a network.

Types of Socket Communication

1. TCP Socket
Connection-oriented
Reliable communication
Uses Socket and ServerSocket classes
Features
Data arrives in order
Error checking available
2. UDP Socket
Connectionless
Faster communication
Uses DatagramSocket class
Features
No guaranteed delivery
Faster than TCP
Important Classes in Java Networking
Class Purpose
Socket Client-side communication
ServerSocket Server-side communication
DatagramSocket UDP communication
InetAddress Represents IP address
Steps in Socket Programming
Server Side
Create ServerSocket
Wait for client connection
Accept connection
Read/write data
Close connection
Client Side
Create Socket
Connect to server
Send/receive data
Close connection
Applications of Socket Programming
Chat applications
Online games
Video conferencing
File transfer systems

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

JDBC is an API used to connect Java applications with relational databases.
Need of JDBC
Database communication
Execute SQL queries
Store and retrieve data
Supports multiple databases

JDBC Architecture
Java Application
↓
JDBC API
↓
DriverManager
↓
Database Driver
↓
Database

JDBC Components
1. DriverManager
Manages database drivers.

2. Connection
Establishes connection with database.
3. Statement
Executes SQL queries.

4. PreparedStatement
Precompiled SQL statement.

Advantages
Faster execution
Prevents SQL Injection
5. ResultSet
Stores retrieved data.

Types of JDBC Drivers

Driver Type Description
Type 1 JDBC-ODBC Bridge
Type 2 Native API Driver
Type 3 Network Protocol Driver
Type 4 Thin Driver

Steps for Database Connectivity

Step 1: Import Packages
[Link] package

Step 2: Load Driver

Driver establishes communication with database.

Step 3: Create Connection

Connect Java application to database.

Step 4: Create Statement

Used to execute SQL queries.

Step 5: Execute Query

Types:
executeQuery()
executeUpdate()

Step 6: Process Result

Retrieve data from ResultSet.

Step 7: Close Connection

Releases resources.

CRUD Operations
Operation SQL Command
Create INSERT
Read SELECT
Update UPDATE
Delete DELETE

Transaction Management
Transaction
A group of SQL operations executed together.
ACID Properties
Property Meaning
Atomicity All operations complete or none
Consistency Maintains valid data
Isolation Transactions independent
Durability Permanent storage
Commit and Rollback
Method Purpose
commit() Save changes
rollback() Undo changes

Advantages of JDBC
Platform independent
Database independent
Secure
Supports transaction management

Limitations of JDBC
Boilerplate code
Manual resource management
Complex for large applications

MySQL
SQL Queries
PreparedStatement
Exception Handling

Abstract Class and Interface

Abstract Class
An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract and concrete methods.

Features of Abstract Class

Can contain abstract methods
Can contain constructors
Supports partial abstraction

Interface
An interface is used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance.

Features of Interface
Contains abstract methods
Supports full abstraction
Variables are public static final by default

Difference Between Abstract Class and Interface

Abstract Class
Partial abstraction Full abstraction
Constructors allowed No constructors
Uses extends Uses implements
Advantages
Abstract Class
Common functionality sharing
Code reuse
Interface
Multiple inheritance
Loose coupling
Related Topics
Abstraction
Polymorphism
Inheritance

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects and classes.

Advantages of OOP
Code reusability
Security
Flexibility
Modularity
Easy maintenance

Main OOP Concepts

1. Class
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

2. Object
An object is an instance of a class.

3. Encapsulation
Binding data and methods together into a single unit.
Features
Data hiding
Improved security

4. Inheritance
Acquiring properties of parent class into child class.
Types
Single
Multilevel
Hierarchical

5. Polymorphism
Ability of object to take many forms.

Types of Polymorphism
Compile-Time Polymorphism
Method overloading.
Runtime Polymorphism
Method overriding.

6. Abstraction
Hiding implementation details and showing only functionality.

Real-Life Examples of OOP

Concept Example
Encapsulation ATM Machine
Inheritance Vehicle → Car
Polymorphism Person behaving differently
Abstraction Mobile phone usage
Important OOP Features
Message passing
Dynamic binding
Reusability

Relationship Between OOP Concepts

Class → Object → Encapsulation → Inheritance → Polymorphism → Abstraction

JDBC CRUD Operations

CRUD operations are basic database operations performed using JDBC.

CREATE Operation
Used to insert records into database.

READ Operation
Used to retrieve records from database.

UPDATE Operation
Used to modify existing records.

DELETE Operation
Used to remove records.

Common JDBC Interfaces

Interface Purpose
Connection Connect database
Statement Execute SQL
ResultSet Store records
PreparedStatement
Advantages
Better performance
Prevents SQL injection
Dynamic query execution
Exception Handling in JDBC

Common exceptions:
SQLException
ClassNotFoundException

Best Practices in JDBC

Close connections properly
Use PreparedStatement
Handle exceptions carefully
Avoid hardcoded queries
Applications of JDBC
Banking systems
Student management systems
Inventory systems
Employee management systems