Introduction to Python

Variables and Data Types

Java
In Java variables are statically typed. Which means we need to mention the
data type while declaring a variable.

public class DeclaringVariable{

public static void main(String[] args){
int a = 123;
float b = 1.23f;
double c = 1.23;
String d = "Hello World!";
boolean e = true;
boolean f = false;
}
}

Python
Variables are dynammically typed. No need to write data type while declaring
a variable.

a = 123 #integer
b = 1.23 #float
c = 1 + 2j #complex
d = "Hello World" #string
e = True #boolean true
f = False #boolean false

Printing the variables

Introduction to Python 1
 Java
public class PrintingVariable{
public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](a);
[Link](b);
[Link](c);
[Link](d);
[Link](e);
[Link](f);
}
}

# Output
123
1.23
1.23
Hello World
true
false

Python
print (a)
print (b)
print (c) #Bracket for complex number
print (d)
print (e)
print (f)

# Output
123
1.23
(1+2j)

Introduction to Python 2
 Hello World
True
False

Checking types
Java
You cannot check primitive types at runtime because java is statically typed.
However for non-primitive data types, you can use instanceof .

public class CheckType{

public static void main(String[] args){
Object a = 123;
[Link](a instanceof Integer);
}
}

# Output
true

Python
c = 1 + 2j

type(c)

# Output
complex

Basic arithmetic operations

Java

Introduction to Python 3
 For floor division both numbers should be of int datatype.

public class PrintingVariable{

public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](5 + 2);
[Link](5 - 2);
[Link](5 * 2);
[Link](5.0 / 2);
[Link](5 / 2);
[Link](5 % 2);
[Link]([Link](2,4));
}
}

# Output
7
3
10
2.5
2
1
16

Python
print (5 + 2)
print (5 - 2)
print (5 * 2)
print (5 / 2)
print(5//2)
print (5 % 2)
print (2 ** 4)

Introduction to Python 4
 # Output
7
3
10
2.5
2
1
16

Concatination
Java
public class Contatination{
public static void main(String[] args){
int a = 123;
int b = 456;
[Link]("The current value of a is "+ a);
[Link]("The current value of a is " + a +
" and b is" + b);
}
}

# Output
The current value of a is 123
The current value of a is 123 and b is 456

Python
a = 123
b = 456

# Concatenated using comma

Introduction to Python 5
 print ("The current value of a is", a)
print ("The current value of a is", a, "and b is", b)

#Concatenated using +
print ("The current value of a is " + a)
print ("The current value of a is " + a + " and b is " + b)

# Output
The current value of a is 123
The current value of a is 123 and b is 456
The current value of a is 123
The current value of a is 123 and b is 456

String
String Concatination
Java
public class StrContatination{
public static void main(String[] args){
String a = "Welcome to ";
String b = "CSE330 Lab.";
[Link](a + b);
}
}

# Output
Welcome to CSE330 Lab.

Python

Introduction to Python 6
 a = "Welcome to "
b = "CSE330 Lab."
z = a + b
print (z)

# Output
Welcome to CSE330 Lab.

String Indexing
Java
//Accessing String with character position number. Space is a
lso a character
public class StrIndexing{
public static void main(String[] args){
String a = "Welcome to ";
String b = "CSE330 Lab.";
[Link]([Link](0));
[Link]([Link](5));
}
}

# Output
W
0

Python
a = "Welcome to "
b = "CSE330 Lab."

Introduction to Python 7
 print (a[0])
print (b[5])

# Output
W
0

Length of the String

Java
public class StrLength{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = "Welcome to ";
String b = "CSE330 Lab.";
String z = a + b;

[Link]([Link]());
}
}

#Output
22

Python
a = "Welcome to "
b = "CSE330 Lab."
z = a + b
print(len(z))

Introduction to Python 8
 #Output
22

Acsessing Last Character

Java
public class LastChar{
public static void main(String[] args) {

String a = "Welcome to ";

String b = "CSE330 Lab.";

[Link]([Link]([Link]() - 1));
}
}

#Output
.

Python
a = "Welcome to "
b = "CSE330 Lab."
print(b[len(b)-1])
print(b[-1])

#Output
.
.

Introduction to Python 9
 String Slicing
Java
public class StrSlice {
public static void main(String[] args) {

String s = "Welcome to CSE330 Lab.";

// using builtin function

// s[0:5] → substring starting from 0 to 5 (excludin
g)
[Link]([Link](0, 5));

// without using any builtin function

for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
[Link]([Link](i));
}
}
}

#Output
Welco
Welco

Python
s = "Welcome to CSE330 Lab."
print(s[0:5]) # prints characters from index 0 to 4

#Output
Welco
Welco

Introduction to Python 10
 Java
public class StrSlice {
public static void main(String[] args) {

String s = "Welcome to CSE330 Lab.";

// s[:6] → substring starting from 0 to 6 (excludin

g).
[Link]([Link](0, 6));

// s[6:] → substring starting from 6 to End.

[Link]([Link](6));

// s[-4:] → last 4 characters

[Link]([Link]([Link]() - 4));

//===========================================

// without using builtin functions

for(int i=0; i<6; i++){
[Link]([Link](i));
}
[Link]();
for(int i=6; i<[Link](); i++){
[Link]([Link](i));
}
[Link]();
for(int i=[Link]()-4; i<[Link](); i++){
[Link]([Link](i));
}
}
}

Introduction to Python 11
 #Output
Welcom
e to CSE330 Lab.
Lab.
#=================
Welcom
e to CSE330 Lab.
Lab.

Python
s = "Welcome to CSE330 Lab."

print (s[:6])
print (s[6:])
print (s[-4:])

#Output
Welcom
e to CSE330 Lab.
Lab.

User Input
Java
import [Link];

public class UserInput {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter username: ");
String username = [Link]();

Introduction to Python 12
 [Link]("Username is: " + username);
//=====================================
[Link](username + username + username);
//=====================================
[Link]("Enter number: ");
int num = [Link]();
[Link](num * 2);
}
}

#Output
Enter username:coder
Username is: coder
#=====================================
codercodercoder
#=====================================
Enter number:4
8

Python
username = input("Enter username:")
print("Username is: " + username)
#=====================================
print(username*3)
#=====================================
num = int(input("Enter number:"))
print (num * 2)

#Output
Enter username:coder
Username is: coder
#=====================================
codercodercoder

Introduction to Python 13
 #=====================================
Enter number:4
8

Conditional Statement
Java
public class CondStat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 5;
int y = 6;

if (x > y) {
[Link]("Maximum is x");
} else {
[Link]("Maximum is y");
}
}
}

#Output
Maximum is y

Python
x = 5
y = 6

if x > y:
print("Maximum is x")
else:
print ("Maximum is y")

Introduction to Python 14
 #Output
Maximum is y

elif
Java
// elif
public class CondStat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 5;
int y = 5;

if (x > y) {
[Link]("Maximum is x");
} else if (x == y) {
[Link]("x and y are equal");
} else {
[Link]("Maximum is y");
}
}
}

#Output
x and y are equal

Python
#elif
x = 5
y = 5

if x > y:

Introduction to Python 15
 print("Maximum is x")
elif x == y:
print ("x and y are equal")
else:
print ("Maximum is y")

#Output
x and y are equal

and
Both conditions need to be True

Java
public class CondStat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 200;
int b = 10;
int c = 500;

if (a > b && c > a) {

[Link]("Both conditions are True");
} else {
[Link]("Negative!!");
}
}
}

#Output
Both conditions are True

Python

Introduction to Python 16
 a = 200
b = 10
c = 500
if a > b and c > a:
print("Both conditions are True")
else:
print("Negative!!")

#Output
Both conditions are True

or
Either one of the conditions = True should be enough

Java
public class CondStat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 200;
int b = 10;
int c = 500;

if (a > b || a > c) {
[Link]("At least one of the condition
s is True");
} else {
[Link]("Negative!!");
}
}
}

Introduction to Python 17
 #Output
At least one of the conditions is True

Python
a = 200
b = 10
c = 500
if a > b or a > c:
print("At least one of the conditions is True")
else:
print("Negative!!")

#Output
At least one of the conditions is True

Nested if
Java
public class CondStat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 50;

if (x > 10) {
[Link]("Above ten!");

if (x > 20) {
[Link]("and also above 20!");
} else {
[Link]("but not above 20!");
}

Introduction to Python 18
 } else {
[Link]("Not even above ten!");
}
}
}

#Output
Above ten!
and also above 20!

Python
x = 50

if x > 10:
print("Above ten!")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
else:
print("but not above 20!")
else:
print("Not even above ten!")

#Output
Above ten!
and also above 20!

pass
Java
public class PassStat{
public static void main(String[] args) {

Introduction to Python 19
 int a = 10;
int b = 20;

if (b > a) {
// do nothing (equivalent to pass)
} else {
[Link]("hello");
}
}
}

Python
a = 10
b = 20

if b > a:
pass
#else:
#print("hello")

Python Built-in Data Type

List
Similar to Java or C array, but not same
List can store any type of data in one single list.
It doesn’t have any fixed size like array.
Requires more memory to store additional information about data types of
each element

Python

Introduction to Python 20
 #Initializing
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(list)

#Output
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

mixed_list = [1, 2.5, "hello", [1, 2, 3]]

print(mixed_list[3])

#Output
[1, 2, 3]

#List Methods
print(len(list))
print(4 in list) #Search

list[2] = "New" #Update value

print(list)

[Link]("World") #Add new element

print(list)

#output
5
True
[1, 2, 'New', 4, 5]
[1, 2, 'New', 4, 5, 'World']

[Link]("New") #Remove element

print(list)

Introduction to Python 21
 [Link](1) #Remove using index
print(list)

list2 = [16, 55]

joined_list = list + list2
print(joined_list)

#Output
[1, 2, 4, 5, 'World']
[1, 4, 5, 'World']
[1, 4, 5, 'World', 16, 55]

List Slicing
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'd']

print (my_list[3])
print (my_list[1:3])
print (my_list[:3])
print (my_list[3:])
print (my_list[-3:])

#Output
e
['b', 'c']
['a', 'b', 'c']
['e', 'f', 'd']
['e', 'f', 'd']

print (my_list[0:4:2]) #index+2 everytime

print (my_list[:]) #All elements

Introduction to Python 22
 print (my_list[::2])
print (my_list[::-1]) #Reverse order

#Output
['a', 'c']
['a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'd']
['a', 'c', 'f']
['d', 'f', 'e', 'c', 'b', 'a']

#Print last 4 elements in reverse

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']

print (my_list[-1:-5:-1])

#print 2nd to 5th element reverse order

print (my_list[4:0:-1])

#Output
['f', 'e', 'd', 'c']
['e', 'd', 'c', 'b']

#Matrix [List of list] using list

matrix = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8]]

# |1 2 3 4|
# |5 6 7 8|

print (matrix[1][2])

#Output
7

Introduction to Python 23
 Tuple
Immutable (unchangable) - Items can not be modified
Collection of elements of multiple data types
Commonly used in programming (like Python) and databases to store a fixed
sequence of related data

Python
tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
tuple[0]
#===================
tuple[1] = "hello"

#Output
1
#======================
TypeError Traceback (most rec
ent call last)
<ipython-input-41-f3de6cd25f9c> in <cell line: 0>()
----> 1 tuple[1] = "hello"

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Set
Immutable - Items can not be modified
Unordered - No index
No duplicates allowed

Python
set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "banana"}
print(set)

Introduction to Python 24
 #====================
[Link]("orange")
print(set)

[Link]("banana")
print(set)

#Output
{'apple', 'cherry', 'banana'}
#====================
{'apple', 'cherry', 'orange', 'banana'}
{'apple', 'cherry', 'orange'}

Dictionary
Values stored as key : value pair
Unordered, mutable
Key must be unique and immutable types (e.g., strings, numbers, tuples).

Python

drivers = {
16: "Charles",
1: "Max",
55: "Carlos",
"Extra": "Liam"
}

print(drivers)

#Output

Introduction to Python 25
 {16: 'Charles', 1: 'Max', 55: 'Carlos', 'Extra': 'Liam'}

print(drivers["Extra"]) #Accessing elements

drivers["Extra"] = "Ollie"
print(drivers)

[Link]({81:"Oscar"})
print(drivers)

[Link]("Extra")
print(drivers)

#Output
Liam
{16: 'Charles', 1: 'Max', 55: 'Carlos', 'Extra': 'Ollie'}
{16: 'Charles', 1: 'Max', 55: 'Carlos', 'Extra': 'Ollie', 81:
'Oscar'}
{16: 'Charles', 1: 'Max', 55: 'Carlos', 81: 'Oscar'}

Loops
While loop
Java
public class WhileLoop{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 0;

while (i < 10) {

[Link](i);
i = i + 1;
}

Introduction to Python 26
 }
}

Python
i = 0
while i < 10:
print(i)
i = i + 1

#Output
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

For loop
Java
public class ForLoop{
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
[Link](i);
}
}
}

Introduction to Python 27
 Python
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
print(i)

#Output
0
2
4
6
8

Iterate over the list

Java
//Iterate over the list
public class ArrayIteration{
public static void main(String[] args){
String[] list = {"a","b","c","d","e"};
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
[Link](list[i]);
}
[Link]("------------------");
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
[Link](i);
}
[Link]("------------------");
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
[Link]("Index = "+i+", Value = "+list
[i]);
}

Introduction to Python 28
 }
}

#Output
a
b
c
d
e
------------------
0
1
2
3
4
------------------
Index = 0, Value = a
Index = 1, Value = b
Index = 2, Value = c
Index = 3, Value = d
Index = 4, Value = e

Python
#Iterate over the list
list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

for i in list:
print (i)
print("------------------")
for i in range(len(list)):
print(i)
print("------------------")

Introduction to Python 29
 for i in range(0, len(list)):
print("Index =", i, "Value =", list[i])

# OUTPUT
a
b
c
d
e
------------------
0
1
2
3
4
------------------
Index = 0, Value = a
Index = 1, Value = b
Index = 2, Value = c
Index = 3, Value = d
Index = 4, Value = e

Break Statement
Java
Break statement - Out of the loop

public class BreakStatement{

public static void main(String[] args){
String[] fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"};
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
[Link](fruits[i]);
if(fruits[i].equals("banana")){
break;

Introduction to Python 30
 }
}
}
}

# OUTPUT
apple
banana

Python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break

# OUTPUT
# OUTPUT
apple
banana

Continue Statement
Java
Continue statement - Stop the current iteration of the loop and continue with
the next

public class ContinueStatement{

public static void main(String[] args){
String[] fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"};
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
if(fruits[i].equals("banana")){

Introduction to Python 31
 continue;
}
[Link](fruits[i]);
}
}
}

# OUTPUT
apple
cherry

Python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for i in fruits:
if i == "banana":
continue
print(i)

# OUTPUT
apple
cherry

Nested Loop
Java
public class NestedLoop{
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] num_arr = {1,2,3};
String[] alphabet_arr = {"a","b","c"};
for(int i = 0; i < num_arr.length; i++){
[Link](num_arr[i]);

Introduction to Python 32
 for(int j = 0; j < alphabet_arr.length; j++){
[Link](alphabet_arr[j]);
}
}
}
}

# OUTPUT
1
a
b
c
2
a
b
c
3
a
b
c

Python
#Nested loop
num_list = [1 , 2, 3]
alphabet_list = ['a', 'b', 'c']

for number in num_list:

print(number)
for letter in alphabet_list:
print(letter)

# OUTPUT
1

Introduction to Python 33
 a
b
c
2
a
b
c
3
a
b
c

Functions or Methods
Java
We cannot create a java method with default value but we can use method
overloading (same method name but different numbers of parameters).

public class JavaMethod{

public static void hello_method(){
[Link]("Hello");
}
public static void name_method(String fname, String lnam
e){
[Link](fname+" "+lname);
}
public static int sum_numbers(int num1, int num2){
return num1 + num2;
}
public static int increment(int number) {
return increment(number, 1); // default value
}
public static int increment(int number, int by) {
return number + 2 * by;

Introduction to Python 34
 }
public static void main(String[] args){
hello_method();
name_method("Cristiano", "Ronaldo");
int x = sum_numbers(2, 3);
[Link](x);
[Link](increment(2,5));
[Link](increment(2));
}
}

# OUTPUT
Hello
Cristiano Ronaldo
5
4
12

Python
def hello_function():
print("Hello")

def name_function(fname, lname):

print(fname, " ", lname)

def sum_numbers(number1, number2):

result = number1+number2
return result

def increment(number, by=1):

return number + 2*by

hello_function()

Introduction to Python 35
 name_function("Cristiano", "Ronaldo")
x = sum_numbers(2, 3)
print(x)
print(increment(2))
print(increment(2, 5))
# Keyword arguments
print(increment(by=1, number=2))

NumPy
Java
import [Link];
public class JavaArr{
public static void main(String[] args){
String[] arr = {"1", "2", "3", "2.45", "hello"};
[Link]([Link](arr));
[Link]("Arr Length: " + [Link]);
}
}

# OUTPUT
[1, 2, 3, 2.45, hello]
Arr Length: 5

Python
A Python library
Used for working with arrays
Short form of "Numerical Python”
Aims to provide an array object that is up to 50x faster than traditional Python
lists
Provides a lot of supporting functions

Introduction to Python 36
 # As arrays can store only one type of data, therefore it con
verts everything to String
# We cannot perform any kind of calculations
import numpy as np

arr = [Link]([1 , 2, 3, 2.45, "hello"])

print(arr)
print(type(arr))
print("Arr Length:",len(arr))
print([Link])

# OUTPUT
['1' '2' '3' '2.45' 'hello']
<class '[Link]'>
5
(5,)

Append
Java
import [Link];
public class JavaAppend{
public static void main(String[] args){
// We need to create another array (y), where the siz
e is greater than the previous
// array (x). Then copy all values from x to y and fi
nally insert the new value (70)
int[] x = {1,2,3,4,5};
int[] y = new int[[Link]+1];
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++){
y[i] = x[i];
}

Introduction to Python 37
 y[[Link]-1] = 70;
[Link]([Link](y));
[Link]([Link](x));
}
}

# OUTPUT
[1,2,3,4,5,70]
[1,2,3,4,5]

Python
import numpy as np

x = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
y = [Link](x, [70])
print(y)
print(x) #No change in main array

[ 1 2 3 4 5 70]
[1 2 3 4 5]

Delete
Java
import [Link];

public class JavaDelete {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
// We need to create another array (y), where the siz
e is less than the previous

Introduction to Python 38
 // array (x). Then copy all values from x to
y while checking the value's index you want to remove and the
n insert the other values other than the removed value.
int deleteValue = 3; // value we want to remove

int[] y = new int[[Link] - 1];

int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
if (x[i] != deleteValue) {
y[index] = x[i];
index++;
}
}

[Link]([Link](y));
[Link]([Link](x));
}
}

#Output
[1, 2, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Python
x = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
y = [Link](x, 3) #Delete using index
print(x)
print(y)

#Output
[1, 2, 4, 5]

Introduction to Python 39
 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Sorting
Java
import [Link];

public class SortArrayAscending {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};

[Link](numbers); //Ascending

//Descending - Reverse the Ascending order sorted arr

ay
int[] revArr = new int[[Link]];
int s = 0;
for(int i=[Link]-1; i>=0; i--){
revArr[s++]=numbers[i];
}

[Link]([Link](numbers));
[Link]([Link](revArr));
}
}

#Output
[1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
[9, 8, 5, 2, 1]

Python

Introduction to Python 40
 x = [Link]([7, 8, 3, 10, 5])
sorted_x = [Link](x)
print(sorted_x) #Ascending
print(sorted_x[::-1]) #Descending - Reverse the Ascending ord
er sorted array

#Output
[1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
[9, 8, 5, 2, 1]

2-D Array
Java
import [Link];

public class Java2DArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr_2d = {
{1, 2, 3, 7, 55},
{4, 5, 6, 99, 10}
};

[Link]([Link](arr_2d));
}
}

#Output
[[1, 2, 3, 7, 55], [4, 5, 6, 99, 10]]

Python

Introduction to Python 41
 arr_2d = [Link]([[1, 2, 3, 7, 55],
[4, 5, 6, 99, 10]])
print(arr_2d)

#Output
[[ 1 2 3 7 55]
[ 4 5 6 99 10]]

Shape & Dimention of a Matrix

Java
public class Java2DArrayInfo {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr_2d = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
};

int rows = arr_2d.length;

[Link]("Number of rows: " + rows);

int cols = arr_2d[0].length;

[Link]("Shape: (" + rows + ", " + cols +
")");

int ndim = 2; // all 2D arrays in Java are 2-dimensi

onal
[Link]("Number of dimensions: " + ndim);
}
}

Introduction to Python 42
 #Output
Number of rows: 2
Shape: (2, 5)
Number of dimensions: 2

Python
print(len(arr_2d))
print(arr_2d.shape) #row, column
print(arr_2d.ndim) #Dimension

#Output
2
(2, 5)
2

Indexing
Java
//1st & last element of an array
import [Link];

public class SortArrayAscending {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};

[Link](numbers[0]);
[Link](numbers[[Link]-1]);
}
}

Introduction to Python 43
 #Output
5
9

Python
arr = [Link]([5, 2, 8, 1, 9])

print(arr[0])
print(arr[-1])

#Output
5
9

Java
import [Link];

public class Java2DArrayAccess {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
};

[Link]([Link](arr));

[Link]("4th element on 2nd row: " + arr

[1][3]);
}
}

Introduction to Python 44
 [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]]
4th element on 2nd row: 9

Python
arr = [Link]([[1,2,3,4,5],
[6,7,8,9,10]])
print(arr)

print('4th element on 2nd row: ', arr[1, 3])

#Output
[[ 1 2 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8 9 10]]
4th element on 2nd row: 9

Slicing 2-D Array

Java
import [Link];

public class Java2DSlicing {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
};
//From the second row, slice elements from in
dex 1 to index 4 (not included)
int[] slice1 = [Link](arr[1], 1, 4);
[Link]([Link](slice1));

Introduction to Python 45
 //From both rows, slice index 1 to index 4 (n
ot included)
int[][] slice2 = new int[2][3];

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

slice2[i] = [Link](arr[i], 1, 4);
}

[Link]([Link](slice2));
}
}

#Output
[7, 8, 9]
[[2, 3, 4], [7, 8, 9]]

Python
arr = [Link]([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[6, 7, 8, 9, 10]])

#From the second row, slice elements from index 1 to index 4

(not included)
print(arr[1, 1:4])

#From both rows, slice index 1 to index 4 (not included)

print(arr[0:2, 1:4])

#Output
[7 8 9]
[[2 3 4]
[7 8 9]]

Introduction to Python 46
 Taking last column and row
Java
import [Link];

public class JavaColumnRowLoop {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
};

int[] column0 = new int[[Link]];

for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
column0[i] = arr[i][0];
}
[Link]([Link](column0));

int[] row0 = new int[arr[0].length];

for (int j = 0; j < arr[0].length; j++) {
row0[j] = arr[0][j];
}
[Link]([Link](row0));
}
}

#Output
[1 6]
[1 2 3 4 5]

Python

Introduction to Python 47
 print(arr[:, 0]) #column
print(arr[0, :]) #row

#Output
[1 6]
[1 2 3 4 5]

Zero Matrix
Java
import [Link];

public class JavaZeros {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create a 4×2 2D array filled with zeros

int[][] y = new int[4][2];

[Link]([Link](y));
}
}

#Output
[[0, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0]]

Python
#zero matrix
y = [Link]((4,2)) #row, column
print(y)

Introduction to Python 48
 #Output
[[0. 0.]
[0. 0.]
[0. 0.]
[0. 0.]]

Summation & Product of all elements

Java
import [Link];

public class JavaArraySumProd {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] a = {3, 4, 5};

int sumA = 0;
int prodA = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
sumA += a[i];
prodA *= a[i];
}
[Link]("Sum of a: " + sumA);
[Link]("Product of a: " + prodA);
}
}

#Output
Sum of a: 12
Product of a: 60

Python

Introduction to Python 49
 a = [Link]([3, 4, 5])

print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))

#Output
12
60

Column & Row Wise Operation

Java
import [Link];

public class JavaArraySumProd {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] b = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
int sumB = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < b[i].length; j++) {
sumB += b[i][j];
}
}
[Link]("Sum of b: " + sumB);

int[] colSum = new int[b[0].length];

for (int j = 0; j < b[0].length; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {

Introduction to Python 50
 colSum[j] += b[i][j];
}
}
[Link]("Column-wise sum: " + [Link]
ing(colSum));

int[] rowSum = new int[[Link]];

for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < b[i].length; j++) {
rowSum[i] += b[i][j];
}
}
[Link]("Row-wise sum: " + [Link]
(rowSum));
}
}

#Output
Sum of b: 21
Column-wise sum: [5, 7, 9]
Row-wise sum: [6, 15]

Python
b = [Link]([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])

print([Link](b))
print([Link](b, axis=0))
print([Link](b, axis=1))

#Output
21

Introduction to Python 51
 [5 7 9]
[ 6 15]

Iterating Row by Row

Java
public class Java2DArrayLoopOnly {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};

for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {
[Link](arr[i][j] + " ");
}
[Link]();
}
}
}

#Output
1 2 3
4 5 6

Python
arr = [Link]([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]])

Introduction to Python 52
 for x in arr:
print(x)

#Output
[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]

Print Element by Element

Java
public class Java2DArrayNestedLoop {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] arr = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {
[Link](arr[i][j]);
}
}
}
}

#Output
1
2
3
4
5
6

Introduction to Python 53
 Python
arr = [Link]([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
for x in arr:
for y in x:
print(y)

#Output
1
2
3
4
5
6

Linspace
Create a random array, same difference between the numbers

Java
public class JavaLinspace {
public static void main(String[] args) {

double start = 0;
double end = 100;
int n = 4;

double[] x = new double[n];

double step = (end - start) / (n - 1);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

x[i] = start + i * step;
}

Introduction to Python 54
 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
[Link](x[i] + " ");
}
}
}

#Output
0.0 33.333333333333336 66.66666666666667 100.0

Python
x = [Link](0, 100, 4) #start, end, how many numbers
print(x)

#Output
[ 0. 33.33333333 66.66666667 100. ]

Introduction to Python 55