Java Collection Framework

1. List Interface (ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector, Stack) 2. Traversal Methods

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
Iterate using
add(E e) Add element [Link](10); for loop for(int i=0;i<[Link]();i++)
index
enhanced
add(int index, E e) Insert at index [Link](1, 20); Simple iteration for(int x : list)
for
Iterator
get(int index) Get element [Link](0); iterator() Iterator<Integer> it=[Link]();
traversal
set(int index, E e) Replace element [Link](0, 50); listIterator() Bi-directional ListIterator<Integer> it=[Link]();
Lambda
remove(int index) Remove by index [Link](1); forEach() [Link](x -> [Link](x));
traversal
remove(Object o) Remove element [Link]([Link](10))
Number of
size() [Link]();
elements
isEmpty() Check empty [Link]();
contains(Object o) Check element [Link](20);
indexOf(Object o) First index [Link](20);
lastIndexOf(Object
Last index [Link](20);
o)
clear() Remove all [Link]();
subList(int from,
Create sublist [Link](1,3);
int to)

3. LinkedList 4. Stack (LIFO) 5. Queue Interface (FIFO)

LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList<>(); Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>(); Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
addFirst(E e) Insert at start [Link](10); push(E e) Insert element [Link](10); add(E e) Insert [Link](10);
addLast(E e) Insert at end [Link](20); pop() Remove top [Link](); offer(E e) Insert safely [Link](20);
getFirst() First element [Link](); peek() View top [Link](); remove() Remove head [Link]();
getLast() Last element [Link](); empty() Check empty [Link](); poll() Remove safely [Link]();
removeFirst() Remove first [Link](); search(Object o) Position [Link](10); element() View head [Link]();
removeLast() Remove last [Link](); peek() View safely [Link]();

6. Deque (Double Ended Queue) 7. Set Interface (HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet)

Deque<Integer> dq = new ArrayDeque<>(); Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
addFirst(E e) Insert front [Link](10); add(E e) Add element [Link](10);
addLast(E e) Insert end [Link](20); remove(Object o) Remove element [Link](10);
removeFirst() Remove front [Link](); contains(Object o) Check element [Link](20);
removeLast() Remove end [Link](); size() Number of elements [Link]();
peekFirst() View front [Link](); isEmpty() Check empty [Link]();
peekLast() View end [Link](); clear() Remove all [Link]();

Map Traversal
EntrySet
for([Link]<Integer,String> e : [Link]()){
[Link]([Link]()+" "+[Link]()); }
KeySet
for(Integer key : [Link]()){
[Link](key); }
Values
for(String val : [Link]()){
[Link](val); }

Vishwasjeet Kumar Gupta

8. TreeSet (Sorted Set) 9. Map Interface (HashMap, TreeMap)
TreeSet<Integer> ts = new TreeSet<>(); Map<Integer,String> map = new HashMap<>();
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
first() Smallest element [Link](); put(K,V) Insert key-value [Link](1,"Java");
last() Largest element [Link](); get(K) Get value [Link](1);
higher(E e) Next greater [Link](10); remove(K) Remove key [Link](1);
lower(E e) Next smaller [Link](10); containsKey(K) Check key [Link](1);
ceiling(E e) ≥ element [Link](10); containsValue(V) Check value [Link]("Java");
floor(E e) ≤ element [Link](10); size() Size of map [Link]();
isEmpty() Check empty [Link]();
clear() Remove all [Link]();

10. Collections Utility Class 11. Arrays Utility and conversion

[Link](list);
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
sort() Sort list [Link](list); sort() Sort array [Link](arr);
reverse() Reverse list [Link](list); binarySearch() Search [Link](arr,10);
shuffle() Random order [Link](list); toString() Print array [Link](arr);
min() Minimum [Link](list); fill() Fill array [Link](arr,0);
max() Maximum [Link](list); 12 . List → Array conversion
frequency() Count element [Link](list,10); Integer[] arr = [Link](new Integer[0]);
Array → List List<Integer> list = [Link](arr);
binarySearch() Search in sorted list [Link](list,20);

Java String Methods

1. Basic String Methods
Method Purpose Example
length() Length of string [Link]();
charAt(int index) Character at index [Link](0);
substring(int start) Substring from index [Link](6);
substring(int start, int end) Substring range [Link](0,5);
equals(String s) Compare strings [Link]("Hello");
equalsIgnoreCase() Ignore case compare [Link]("hello");
compareTo(String s) Lexicographic compare [Link]("Java");
compareToIgnoreCase() Ignore case compare [Link]("java");

2. Searching Methods 3. String Modification Methods

Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
contains(CharSequence Check
[Link]("World"); toLowerCase() Convert to lowercase [Link]();
s) substring
First
indexOf(String s) [Link]("o"); toUpperCase() Convert to uppercase [Link]();
occurrence
Last
lastIndexOf(String s) [Link]("o"); trim() Remove spaces [Link]();
occurrence
Remove leading/trailing
startsWith(String s) Check prefix [Link]("Hello"); strip() [Link]();
spaces
endsWith(String s) Check suffix [Link]("World"); replace(char, char) Replace characters [Link]('o','a');
replace(String, String) Replace substring [Link]("World","Java");
replaceAll(regex, repl) Replace using regex [Link]("o","a");
replaceFirst(regex,repl) Replace first match [Link]("o","a");

4. String Checking Methods 5. String Splitting and Joining

Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
isEmpty() Check empty string [Link](); split(String regex) Split string [Link](" ");
isBlank() Check blank string [Link](); join(delimiter, elements) Join strings [Link]("-", "A","B");
matches(regex) Regex match [Link]("[A-Za-z]+");

Vishwasjeet Kumar Gupta

6. Conversion Methods 7. Concatenation Methods, 8. Character & Code Methods
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
Convert to char
toCharArray() [Link](); concat(String s) Concatenate [Link](" Java");
array
Convert data to
valueOf() [Link](10); + operator Concatenate str + " Java";
string
format() Format string [Link]("%d",10); codePointAt(int index) Unicode at index [Link](0);
intern() Pool reference [Link](); codePointBefore(int index) Unicode before index [Link](1);
codePointCount() Count Unicode points [Link](0,[Link]());

9. Subsequence & Content 10. Static Utility Methods

Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
subSequence(start,end) Subsequence [Link](0,5); copyValueOf(char[]) Char array → String [Link](arr);
contentEquals() Compare content [Link]("Hello"); valueOf(int) Convert int to string [Link](10);

Most Important String Methods

• length() , charAt(), substring(), equals(), compareTo(), contains()
• toUpperCase() • toLowerCase() • startsWith() • endsWith() • toCharArray() • replace() • split() • trim()

11. Most Important StringBuilder Methods (Interview)

• append(), insert(), delete(), deleteCharAt(), replace(), reverse(), charAt(), setCharAt(), length(), toString()

JavaScript Array Methods

1. Basic Array Methods ` 2. Access & Modification 3. Adding / Removing Elements

Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
length Get size [Link] indexOf() Find index [Link](3) splice() Add/remove [Link](1,2)
push() Add at end [Link](5) lastIndexOf() Last index [Link](3) slice() Extract portion [Link](1,3)
pop() Remove last [Link]() includes() Check value [Link](2) concat() Merge arrays [Link]([5,6])
shift() Remove first [Link]() at() Access element [Link](1) fill() Fill values [Link](0)
unshift() Add at start [Link](0) copyWithin() Copy elements [Link](1,2)
[Link](5); // [1,2,3,4,5] [Link](-1); // last element [Link](1,1,10); // replace element
4. Iteration Methods 5. Searching Methods
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
forEach() Iterate array [Link](x=>[Link](x)) find() First matching element [Link](x=>x>2)
map() Transform array [Link](x=>x*2) findIndex() Index of match [Link](x=>x>2)
filter() Filter elements [Link](x=>x>2) some() Any match [Link](x=>x>3)
reduce() Accumulate values [Link]((a,b)=>a+b) every() All match [Link](x=>x>0)
reduceRight() Reduce from right [Link]((a,b)=>a+b)
6. Sorting & Reversing 7. Conversion Methods 8 . Array Creation Methods
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
sort() Sort array [Link]() join() Array → String [Link](",") [Link]() Create array [Link](1,2,3)
reverse() Reverse array [Link]() toString() Convert to string [Link]() new Array() Constructor new Array(5)
toSorted() Sorted copy [Link]() flat() Flatten array [Link]() [Link]() Create from iterable [Link]("123")
Reversed
toReversed() [Link]() flatMap() Map + flatten [Link](x=>[x,x*2]) Example [Link]("hello");
copy
Example
[Link]((a,b)=>a-b);

JavaScript String
1. Basic String Methods 2. Searching Methods 3. Extracting Strings
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
length Length of string [Link] includes() Check substr [Link]("World") slice() Extract substring [Link](0,5)
charAt() Character at index [Link](0) indexOf() First index [Link]("o") substring() Extract substring [Link](0,5)
at() Character access [Link](-1) lastIndexOf() Last index [Link]("o") substr() Ext with length [Link](0,5)
charCodeAt() Unicode value [Link](0) startsWith() Check prefix [Link]("Hello")
endsWith() Check suffix [Link]("World")
Vishwasjeet Kumar Gupta
4. Modifying Strings 5. Splitting, Joining
Method Purpose Example Method Purpose Example
toUpperCase() Uppercase [Link]() split() String → array [Link](" ")
toLowerCase() Lowercase [Link]() concat() Combine strings [Link](" JS")
trim() Remove spaces [Link]() repeat() Repeat string [Link](3)
trimStart() Remove start spaces [Link]() replace() Replace first match [Link]("World","JS")
trimEnd() Remove end spaces [Link]() replaceAll() Replace all matches [Link]("o","a")

6. Conversion Methods
Method Purpose Example
valueOf() Primitive value [Link]()
toString() Convert to string [Link]()

Most Important JS Methods

Arrays JS push() pop() shift() unshift() map() filter() reduce() find() includes() splice() slice() sort() join()

String JS length charAt() slice() substring() split() replace() includes() startsWith() endsWith() trim()

MySQL
1. SELECT Clause 2. WHERE Conditions
Clause Purpose Condition Purpose Example
SELECT Retrieve columns = Equal WHERE age = 25
DISTINCT Unique values != / <> Not equal WHERE age <> 25
* All columns > Greater than WHERE salary > 50000
Example < Less than WHERE age < 30
SELECT name FROM employees >= Greater equal WHERE salary >= 60000
SELECT DISTINCT dept FROM employees <= Less equal WHERE age <= 40
SELECT * FROM employees

3. Logical Operators 4. ORDER BY (Sorting) 5. LIMIT

Operator Purpose Example Clause Purpose Example Clause Purpose Example
Restrict
AND Both true WHERE age > 25 AND salary > 50000 ORDER BY Sort results ORDER BY salary LIMIT LIMIT 5
rows
OR Either true WHERE dept='IT' OR dept='HR' ASC Ascending ORDER BY salary ASC OFFSET Skip rows LIMIT 5 OFFSET 10
ORDER BY salary
NOT Negation WHERE NOT dept='IT' DESC Descending
DESC

6. Filtering Conditions 7. Aggregate Functions

Clause Purpose Example Function Purpose Example
IN Multiple values WHERE dept IN ('IT','HR') COUNT() Count rows SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees
NOT IN Exclude values WHERE dept NOT IN ('IT') SUM() Total value SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees
BETWEEN Range WHERE salary BETWEEN 40000 AND 80000 AVG() Average value SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees
LIKE Pattern matching WHERE name LIKE 'A%' MAX() Maximum SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees
IS NULL Check null WHERE manager_id IS NULL MIN() Minimum SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees
IS NOT NULL Not null WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL

8. GROUP BY 9. HAVING 10. JOINS LEFT JOIN RIGHT JOIN FULL JOIN
Used with aggregate Filter grouped INNER JOIN All rows from All rows from right (Workaround)
functions. results. Returns matching rows. left table. table. SELECT * FROM A
SELECT dept, SELECT dept, SELECT [Link], SELECT * SELECT * LEFT JOIN B ON
COUNT(*) COUNT(*) d.dept_name FROM FROM employees e [Link]=[Link]
FROM employees FROM employees FROM employees e employees e RIGHT JOIN UNION
GROUP BY dept; GROUP BY dept INNER JOIN LEFT JOIN departments d SELECT * FROM A
HAVING COUNT(*) > departments d departments d ON e.dept_id = [Link]; RIGHT JOIN B ON
5; ON e.dept_id = [Link]; ON e.dept_id = [Link]=[Link];
[Link];

Vishwasjeet Kumar Gupta

 11. Subqueries 12. CASE (Conditional Logic) 13. String Functions
Single Value SELECT name, Function Purpose Example
SELECT name CASE
CONCAT() Join strings CONCAT(first_name,last_name)
FROM employees WHEN salary > 80000 THEN 'High'
WHERE salary > (SELECT WHEN salary > 50000 THEN LENGTH() Length of string LENGTH(name)
AVG(salary) FROM employees); 'Medium' LOWER() Lowercase LOWER(name)
IN Subquery ELSE 'Low' UPPER() Uppercase UPPER(name)
SELECT name END AS salary_level
SUBSTRING() Extract part SUBSTRING(name,1,3)
FROM employees FROM employees;
WHERE dept_id IN TRIM() Remove spaces TRIM(name)
(SELECT id FROM departments);

14. Date Functions 15. Numeric Functions

Function Purpose Example Function Purpose Example
NOW() Current date/time SELECT NOW() ROUND() Round number ROUND(price,2)
CURDATE() Current date SELECT CURDATE() CEIL() Round up CEIL(4.2)
YEAR() Extract year YEAR(order_date) FLOOR() Round down FLOOR(4.8)
MONTH() Extract month MONTH(order_date) ABS() Absolute value ABS(-5)
DATEDIFF() Date difference DATEDIFF(date1,date2)
TIMESTAMPDIFF() Day, year, month diff TIMESTAMPDIFF
(DAY, date1, date2)

16. Window Functions (Advanced) 17. UNION

Function Purpose Example Combine results.
SELECT name FROM employees
ROW_NUMBER() Row numbering ROW_NUMBER() OVER()
UNION
RANK() Ranking RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary) SELECT name FROM managers;
DENSE_RANK() Dense rank DENSE_RANK() OVER() 19. Aliases
Example SELECT name AS
SELECT name, salary, employee_name
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank FROM employees;
FROM employees;

Vishwasjeet Kumar Gupta