PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Mathematical Functions in Python
In python a number of mathematical operations can be performed with
ease by importing a module named “math” which defines various functions
which makes our tasks easier.
Important mathematical functions in python are:
ceil() :- This function returns the smallest integral value greater than the
number. If number is already integer, same number is returned.
floor() :- This function returns the greatest integral value smaller than the
number. If number is already integer, same number is returned.
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of ceil() and floor()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = 2.3
# returning the ceil of 2.3
print ("The ceil of 2.3 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The ceil of 2.3 is : 3
# returning the floor of 2.3
print ("The floor of 2.3 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The floor of 2.3 is : 2
fabs() :- This function returns the absolute value of the number.
factorial() :- This function returns the factorial of the number.
Argument must be a positive integer.
fmod() :- This function returns the remainder of the specified arguments.
Syntax: [Link]( x, y )
Parameters:
x any valid number (positive or negative).
y any valid number(positive or negative).
Returns: Returns the remainder in x/y as a floating point number.
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of fabs() and factorial()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = -10.3
b= 5
# returning the absolute value.
print ("The absolute value of -10.3 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The absolute value of -10.3 is : 10.3
# returning the factorial of 5
print ("The factorial of 5 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](b))
o/p : The factorial of 5 is : 120
EXAMPLE
# Python program to demonstrate fmod() function
import math
# modulus of +ve integer number
print([Link](4, 5))
print([Link](43.50, 4.5))
# modulus of -ve integer number
print([Link](-17, 5))
print('%.2f' %[Link](-10, 4.78))
o/p : 4.0
3.0
-2.0
-0.44
fsum() :- This function find and return an accurate floating point sum
between some range or an iterable ( list ).
trunc() :- This function returns the integer part of the argument after
truncation.
exp(x) :- This function returns e**x.
log(a, b) :- This function returns the logarithmic value of a with base b.
With one argument , function returns the natural logarithm of a to base e.
With two arguments , function returns the logarithm of a to the given
base b.
pow(a, b) :- This function is used to compute value of a raised to the
power b (a**b).
sqrt() :- This function returns the square root of the number.
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate use of [Link]() function
# fsum() is found in math library
import math
o/p : 45.0
# range(10)
print([Link](range(10)))
11.0
7.99
# Integer list
arr = [1, 4, 6]
print([Link](arr))
# Floating point list
arr = [2.5, 2.4, 3.09]
print([Link](arr))
EXAMPLE
# trunc() for a positive number.
import math
print ([Link](3.5))
o/p : 3
# trunc() for a negative number. -4
import math
print [Link](-4.5)
# Python code to demonstrate the working of exp() and log()
import math
# returning the exp of 4
print ("The e**4 value is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](4)) o/p :The e**4 value is : 54.598150033144236
The value of log 2 with base 3 is : 0.6309297535714574
# returning the log of 2,3
print ("The value of log 2 with base 3 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](2,3))
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of pow() and sqrt()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
# returning the value of 3**2
print ("The value of 3 to the power 2 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](3,2))
# returning the square root of 25
print ("The value of square root of 25 : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](25))
o/p : The value of 3 to the power 2 is : 9.0
The value of square root of 25 : 5.0
pi :- This is an inbuilt constant that outputs the value of pi(3.141592).
e :- This is an inbuilt constant that outputs the value of e(2.718281).
sin() :- This function returns the sine of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
cos() :- This function returns the cosine of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
tan() :- This function returns the tangent of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
degrees() :- This function is used to convert argument value from
radians to degrees.
radians() :- This function is used to convert argument value from
degrees to radians.
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# const. pi and e
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
# returning the value of const. pi
print ("The value of const. pi is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link])
# returning the value of const. e
print ("The value of const. e is : ", end=“ ")
print (math.e)
o/p : The value of const. pi is : 3.141592653589793
The value of const. e is : 2.718281828459045
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of sin() , cos() and tan()
import math
a = [Link]/6
# returning the value of sine of pi/6
print ("The value of sine of pi/6 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The value of sine of pi/6 is : 0.49999999999999994
# returning the value of cosine of pi/6
print ("The value of cosine of pi/6 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p :The value of cosine of pi/6 is : 0.8660254037844387
EXAMPLE
# returning the value of tangent of pi/6
print ("The value of tangent of pi/6 is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The value of tangent of pi/6 is : 0.5773502691896257
EXAMPLE
# Python code to demonstrate the working of degrees() and radians()
import math
a = [Link]/6
b = 30
# returning the converted value from radians to degrees
print ("The converted value from radians to degrees is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](a))
# returning the converted value from degrees to radians
print ("The converted value from degrees to radians is : ", end=“ ")
print ([Link](b))
o/p : The converted value from radians to degrees is : 29.999999999999996
The converted value from degrees to radians is : 0.5235987755982988
asin() :- This function returns the arc sine of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
acos() :- This function returns the arc cosine of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
atan() :- This function returns the arc tangent of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
sinh() :- This function returns the hyperbolic sine of value passed as argument.
The value passed in this function should be in radians.
cosh() :- This function returns the hyperbolic cosine of value passed as
argument. The value passed in this function should be in radians.
tanh() :- This function returns the hyperbolic tangent of value passed as
argument. The value passed in this function should be in radians.
EXAMPLE
# Python code to implement the asin() , acos() and atan()
import math
a = [Link] / 6
# returning the value of arc sine of pi / 6
print ("The value of arc sine of pi / 6 is : ", end =“ ")
print ([Link](a))
# returning the value of arc cosine of pi / 6
print ("The value of arc cosine of pi / 6 is : ", end =“ ")
print ([Link](a))
# returning the value of arc tangent of pi / 6
print ("The value of arc tangent of pi / 6 is : ", end =“ ")
print ([Link](a))
o/p : The value of arc sine of pi / 6 is : 0.5510695830994463
The value of arc cosine of pi / 6 is : 1.0197267436954502
The value of tangent of pi / 6 is : 0.48234790710102493
EXAMPLE
# Python code to implement the sinh() , cosh() and tanh()
import math
a = [Link] / 6
o/p : 0.5478534738880397
1.1402383210764286
# Return the hyperbolic sine value
0.4804727781564516
print ([Link](a))
# Return the hyperbolic cosine value
print ([Link](a))
# Return the hyperbolic tangent value
print ([Link](a))
