10/25/2018 Python Basic Operators
PYTHON - BASIC OPERATORS
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Operators are the constructs which can manipulate the value of operands.
Consider the expression 4 + 5 = 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called operands and + is called operator.
Types of Operator
Python language supports the following types of operators.
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Relational Operators
Assignment Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators
Identity Operators
Let us have a look on all operators one by one.
Python Arithmetic Operators
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then −
[ Show Example ]
Operator Description Example
+ Addition Adds values on either side of the operator. a + b = 30
- Subtraction Subtracts right hand operand from left hand a – b = -10
operand.
* Multiplies values on either side of the operator a * b = 200
Multiplication
/ Division Divides left hand operand by right hand b/a=2
operand
% Modulus Divides left hand operand by right hand b%a=0
operand and returns remainder
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** Exponent Performs exponential power calculation on a**b =10 to the power 20
operators
// Floor Division - The division of operands where 9//2 = 4 and 9.0//2.0 = 4.0, -11//3 = -4,
the result is the quotient in which the digits -11.0//3 = -4.0
after the decimal point are removed. But if one
of the operands is negative, the result is floored,
i.e., rounded away from zero
towardsnegativeinf inity −
Python Comparison Operators
These operators compare the values on either sides of them and decide the relation among them. They are also
called Relational operators.
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then −
[ Show Example ]
Operator Description Example
== If the values of two operands are equal, then the a == b is not true.
condition becomes true.
!= If values of two operands are not equal, then a! = b is true.
condition becomes true.
<> If values of two operands are not equal, then a <> b is true. This is similar to != operator.
condition becomes true.
> If the value of left operand is greater than the a > b is not true.
value of right operand, then condition becomes
true.
< If the value of left operand is less than the value a < b is true.
of right operand, then condition becomes true.
>= If the value of left operand is greater than or a >= b is not true.
equal to the value of right operand, then
condition becomes true.
<= If the value of left operand is less than or equal a <= b is true.
to the value of right operand, then condition
becomes true.
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Python Assignment Operators
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then −
[ Show Example ]
Operator Description Example
= Assigns values from right side operands to left
c = a + b assigns value of a + b into c
side operand
+= Add It adds right operand to the left operand and
c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
AND assign the result to left operand
-= It subtracts right operand from the left operand
Subtract and assign the result to left operand c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
AND
*= It multiplies right operand with the left operand
Multiply and assign the result to left operand c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
AND
/= Divide It divides left operand with the right operand c /= a is equivalent to c = c / ac /= a is
AND and assign the result to left operand equivalent to c = c / a
%= It takes modulus using two operands and assign
Modulus the result to left operand c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
AND
**= Performs exponential power calculation on
Exponent operators and assign value to the left operand c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
AND
//= Floor It performs floor division on operators and
c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a
Division assign value to the left operand
Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation. Assume if a = 60; and b = 13; Now in binary
format they will be as follows −
a = 0011 1100
b = 0000 1101
-----------------
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a&b = 0000 1100
a|b = 0011 1101
a^b = 0011 0001
~a = 1100 0011
There are following Bitwise operators supported by Python language
[ Show Example ]
Operator Description Example
& Binary Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in
a&b means00001100
AND both operands
| Binary OR It copies a bit if it exists in either operand. a|b = 61 means00111101
^ Binary It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but
a
b
= 49 means00110001
XOR not both.
~ Binary a= -61 (means 1100 0011 in 2's
Ones It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. complement form due to a signed binary
Complement number.
<< Binary The left operands value is moved left by the
a << 2 = 240 means11110000
Left Shift number of bits specified by the right operand.
>> Binary The left operands value is moved right by the
a >> 2 = 15 means00001111
Right Shift number of bits specified by the right operand.
Python Logical Operators
There are following logical operators supported by Python language. Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b
holds 20 then
[ Show Example ]
Used to reverse the logical state of its operand.
Python Membership Operators
Python’s membership operators test for membership in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples. There are two
membership operators as explained below −
[ Show Example ]
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Operator Description Example
in Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of
specified sequence and false otherwise. sequence y.
not in Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a
in the specified sequence and false otherwise. member of sequence y.
Python Identity Operators
Identity operators compare the memory locations of two objects. There are two Identity operators explained
below −
[ Show Example ]
Operator Description Example
is Evaluates to true if the variables on either side
of the operator point to the same object and x is y, here is results in 1 if idx equals idy.
false otherwise.
is not Evaluates to false if the variables on either side
x is not y, here is not results in 1 if idx is not
of the operator point to the same object and
equal to idy.
true otherwise.
Python Operators Precedence
The following table lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest.
[ Show Example ]
[Link]. Operator & Description
1
**
Exponentiation raisetothepower
2
~+-
Complement, unary plus and minus methodnamesf orthelasttwoare+ @ and− @
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3 * / % //
Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
4
+-
Addition and subtraction
5
>> <<
Right and left bitwise shift
6
&
Bitwise 'AND'
7
^|
Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'
8
<= < > >=
Comparison operators
9
<> == !=
Equality operators
10
= %= /= //= -= += *= **=
Assignment operators
11
is is not
Identity operators
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12 in not in
Membership operators
13
not or and
Logical operators
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